Committee on Astrobiology & Planetary Science (CAPS) Michael H. New, PhD Astrobiology Discipline Scientist

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1 Committee on Astrobiology & Planetary Science (CAPS) Michael H. New, PhD Astrobiology Discipline Scientist

2 Topics to be addressed Changes to Instrument Development Programs Update on Recent Workshops Origins and Carriers of MIF of Sulfur Alternative Chemistries of Life Processes: Empirical Approaches Analog Sites for Mars Missions: MSL and Beyond The Federal Budget Process and You 2

3 Technology Readiness Levels System Test, Launch and Operations System/Subsystem Development Technology Demonstration Technology Development Research to Prove Feasibility Basic Technology Research TRL 9 TRL 8 TRL 7 TRL 6 TRL 5 TRL 4 TRL 3 TRL 2 Actual system flight proven through successful mission operations Actual system completed and flight qualified through test and demonstration (Ground or Flight) System prototype demonstration in a space environment System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment (Ground or Space) Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept Technology concept and/or application formulated TRL 1 Basic principles observed and reported 3

4 Changes to Instrument Development Programs PSD has historically had two major instrument development programs: Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP) Astrobiology Science and Technology for Instrument Development (ASTID) As of last ROSES, both programs supported TRL 1-6 development and maturation. However, no integrated instrument pipeline. No program devoted to bridging the valley of death of TRLs

5 Recent Proposal Pressure ASTID No ASTID Solicitations 2006 &

6 Not-so-recent Architecture 6

7 Recent Architecture 7

8 New Architecture 8

9 Update on Workshops Over the last year, the Astrobiology Program has (co-)sponsored programmatic workshops to focus attention and refine approaches to some pressing questions. Two were co-sponsored with NSF. The workshops focused on generating deep discussions rather than a series of topical presentations 9

10 NASA-NSF Workshop on the Origins and Carriers of S-MIF S-MIF was discovered in the rock record in 2000 by Farquhar, et al. Disappears at the time of the Great Oxidation Event Progress in interpreting the detailed record stymied by lack of a microscopic understanding of the source and carrier of the S-MIF signal. Workshop, co-sponsored by the NSF Chemistry Division, brought together theoretical and experimental physical chemists with isotope geochemists. 10

11 OUTCOMES A glossy report of the workshop s discussions and conclusions is undergoing final edits. It s basically in press and should appear shortly Workshop also nucleated new collaborations and resulted in a number of new proposals to the Exobiology 2011 RFP Expect that publication of the report will lead to more applications to Exobiology

12 NSF-NASA Workshop on Alternative Chemistries of Life: Empirical Approaches Workshop inspired by recent results hinting at previously unsuspected diversity in microbial energetics, metabolism & elemental usage (i.e., Se, As(?)). Co-sponsored by NSF Chemistry Division with involvement of Biosciences Directorate. Brought together a wide range of chemists, microbiologists, oceanographers, and biochemists. Similar to the S-MIF Workshop, a glossy report is in preparation. A first draft is almost complete. Plan to sponsor future workshops in this area but on more focused topics. 12

13 Analog Sites for Mars Missions: MSL and Beyond Workshop goal was to develop inventory of analog sites that have value to NASA s MEP missions, and Mars analog missions by CSA and other space agencies. Strong focus on outstanding science questions and Mars habitability. Matching science questions to appropriate analog sites. Secondary goal to foster a closer relationship between the analog science and planetary mission communities. To conduct the inventory, a framework for categorizing analog sites was developed For example, while Antarctica is cold and dry, like Mars, it is still wetter than Mars and one can always stumble upon a seal carcass in one s field site. There are some questions about Mars that can best be addressed in Antarctica and some that need other sites. 13

14 OUTCOMES 12 papers to be published in a special issue of Icarus this Fall Workshop also produced a draft framework for classifying analog sites. Plan to begin using this on an informal, pilot basis in future solicitations Follow-up: a series of more focused workshops being organized by Andrew Steele (CIW) Goal is to restructure how Astrobiology Program solicits and executes analog research Ultimately, support a small number of well-chosen sites and then solicit research at those sites. 14

15 Future workshop on Planetary Drilling Instrument development programs receive lots of proposals for drills, corers, etc. No strategic guidance on which applications and therefore technologies are highest priority. No overview of which scenarios have been examined (and at what TRL). Dr. Brian Glass (ARC) and I are in the process of organizing an invitation-only Workshop on Planetary Drilling to be held in the Spring of The purpose of the workshop will be to survey the current state of the art and determine for each high-priority application what technology has been demonstrated and what areas of investment are needed. Organizing principle will be a hierarchical framework of application considerations Have asked PAGs to help prioritize applications within this framework. 15

16 First Draft of Framework Consideration 1: Continuous Drill Depth Consideration 2: Required Sample Type Consideration 3: Gravity Consideration 4: Degree of Human Interactivity Consideration 5: Physical Cleanliness Consideration 6: Biological Cleanliness Consideration 7: Material to be Drilled Consideration 8: Strength of Material Very Shallow (<20cm) Shallow (20cm -3m) Moderate (3-5m) Deep (>5m) Powder Mixed Cuttings Core Down-hole Measurements Only Microgravity Low Gravity (e.g., Moon) Medium Gravity (e.g., Mars) Autonomous Tele-robotic Real-time, Human-in-the-Loop Cross-Contamination Tolerated Minimal Cross-Contamination No Cross-Contamination No Requirement Minimal Contamination Tolerated Aseptic Minimally consolidated soil/fines Ice Rock Ice-indurated Regolith Low Medium High 16

17 Where s your money? 17

18 ANY QUESTIONS? 18

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