Eesti digitaalhumanitaaria A o 2013 IT-rakendused humanitaarteadustes Projektide tutvustused Digital Humanities in Estonia A o 2013: IT Applications

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1 Eesti digitaalhumanitaaria A o 2013 IT-rakendused humanitaarteadustes Projektide tutvustused Digital Humanities in Estonia A o 2013: IT Applications in Humanities Project Synopses

2 Saateks Digitaalhumanitaaria (digital humanities) on kiirestiarenev interdistsiplinaarne valdkond, mis hõlmab humanitaarteaduste ja infotehnoloogia ühisosa, seda nii humanitaarala andmekogude loomises ja haldamises kui ka allikate ja uurimistulemuste esitamises ning uurimistöös. Üha enam kasutatakse humanitaarteadustes mitmesuguseid massandmete analüüsi meetodeid (statistiline teemaanalüüs, võrgustikuanalüüs, visualiseerimine, GIS-analüüs jm), olulisel kohal on laiatarberakenduste loomine ning rahva kaasamine. Mitmesuguste standardite loomise ja rakendamise abil püütakse tagada digitaalsete andmete säilivus ja võimalikult lai kasutatavus, mis võimaldaks juba kord kirjeldatud ja märgendatud andmeid kasutada sõltumata konkreetsest rakendusest või keelest. Klassikalises humanitaarhariduses programmeerimist ega andmetöötlust ei õpetata, kuid praktilises uurimistöös on selle järele üha suurem vajadus. Lääne-Euroopa ja Põhja-Ameerika teadusmaastikul on digitaalhumanitaaria muutunud iseseisvaks distsipliiniks, mille toel humanitaarid saavad paremini ellu rakendada digitaalajastu võimalusi, järjest rajatakse vastavaid uurimiskeskusi ja õppetoole, on võimalik omandada akadeemilisi kraade ning digitaalsed meetodid on saamas iseenesestmõistetavaks osaks humanitaarharidusest. Eestis esindavad seda valdkonda iseseisvate uurimisaladena arvutuslingvistika ja keeletehnoloogia, kuid kogu humanitaarias kasutatakse üha enam meetodeid ja lahendusi, mida saab mõtestada digitaalhumanitaaria raamistikus. Selleks, et saada ülevaadet digitaalhumanitaaria hetkeseisust Eestis, kutsusime selles valdkonnas tegutsejaid tutvustama oma uurimusi, projekte ning loodavaid ja kasutatavaid rakendusi seminaril Eesti digitaalhumanitaaria A 2013, mis toimus 25. oktoobril Tartus, Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumis. Seminari korraldasime lootuses, et digitaalhumanitaaria uurimisala teadvustamine ning teadlaste koondamine loob paremad eeldused koostööks, teadmiste vahetamiseks ja välismaailmaga suhtlemiseks, kokkuvõttes kogu valdkonna arenguks Eestis. Käesolev kogumik sisaldab seminaril esitletud projektide lühitutvustusi. Kogumik tervikuna annab ülevaate digitaalhumanitaaria hetkeseisust Eestis, mille keskmes on praegusel ajahetkel eelkõige praktilistest vajadustest tingitud ja kohati vältimatu infrastruktuuride loomine digitaalsete kogude haldamiseks, esitlemiseks ja kasutamiseks. Projektide hulgas on esindatud ka digitaalne uurimistöö, praktilised rakendused ja kunstilised lahendused, mis kasutavad ära infotehnoloogia poolt pakutavaid võimalusi. 2

3 Preface Digital humanities is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary area on the border of the humanities and information technology, in creating and administrating humanities databases, presenting source references and research results, and conducting research. Various quantitative data analysis methods (statistical content analysis, network analysis, visualization, GIS analysis, etc.) are increasingly used in the field of the humanities, as well as creating applications for public use and crowdsourcing. Through creating and applying various standards, the preservation and potentially wide applicability of digital data is ensured so that the identified and tagged data can be used independently of the original applications or languages. Typically, computer programming or data processing are not part of humanities curricula, but there is an increasing need for these skills in practical research. In Western Europe and Northern America, digital humanities has evolved into an independent discipline that supports researchers of the humanities in applying the solutions that the digital era has to offer; respective research centers and chairs are being established, and it is possible to acquire academic degrees in the field. Digital methods are becoming an undeniable part of humanities education. In Estonia, the discipline is represented by computational linguistics and language technologies as independent areas of research, but the humanities in general is increasingly making use of methods and solutions that can be conceptualized within the framework of the digital humanities. For an overview about the current situation in the digital humanities in Estonia, we invited humanities scholars involved in the field of digital technologies to introduce their research, projects and applications, under construction or already in use, at the workshop Estonian digital humanities A 2013, held on October 25 at the Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu. The workshop was organized in the hope that promoting awareness about the discipline of digital humanities and bringing researchers involved in this together would create better premises for cooperation, exchange of knowledge and communication with the outside world, and all in all, for the development of the entire discipline in Estonia. The collection at hand presents an overview of the current stage of the digital humanities in Estonia which focuses on creating infrastructures, for which there is often inevitable need deriving from practical considerations, for the purpose of managing, presenting and using the digital collections. The use of IT solutions in the research, practical applications and artistic solutions is represented as well. 3

4 Teel rahvaluule digitaalarhiivi poole Kaisa Kulasalu, Mari Sarv Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiivi rajamisega aastal asuti looma ka registrite ja kartoteekide süsteemi, mis võimaldaks juba toona mahukatest käsikirjakogudest erinevate parameetrite põhjal leida üles uurijale vajaliku teabe. See infosüsteem toimis laitmatult kuni 1990ndate keskpaigani, mil digiajastu ootuses lõppes paberkartoteekide täiendamine. Eri töörühmad asusid koostama žanri- ja teemapõhiseid andmebaase, ka laekuvat materjali kirjeldati digitaalselt, kuid arhiivist kui terviksüsteemist digitaalkujul ülevaade puudus. Jõupingutusi digitaalse arhiiviinfosüsteemi rajamiseks alustati aastal 2002, digitaalsete kogude mahu suurenedes tekkis vajadus ka faile süsteemselt hallata. Koostöös Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi teiste osakondadega valmis RIA rahastuse toel aastal digitaalarhiiv Kivike (Kirjandusmuuseumi Virtuaalne Kelder, kivike.kirmus.ee), mille failihoidlasse on koondatud rahvaluulearhiivi digitaalsete originaalkogude ja digiteeringute (käsikirjad, fotod, heli, video) tagatisja kasutusfailid. Teisalt on Kivike aga arhiiviinfosüsteem kogude haldamiseks ja materjaliotsinguteks, süsteemi on lisatud käsikirjadest ja salvestustelt transkribeeritud folklooritekstid ning andmekirjed arhiivimaterjalidel põhinevatest andmebaasidest. Tänapäeval laekub valdav osa materjalist arhiivi digitaalkujul, rahvaluule kogumiskeskkond Kratt võimaldab küsimustikele vastata ja faile üles laadida ning arhivaaril laekunud materjalid hõlpsalt arhiveerida otse Kivikesse. 4

5 Moving towards a digital folklore archives Kaisa Kulasalu, Mari Sarv When Estonian Folklore Archives was founded in 1927, a system of indexes and files was set up to enable researchers find necessary information according to different parameters within the already copious manuscript collections. This information system functioned efficiently until the mid-1990s, when the updating of paper files was abandoned in the face of the impending digital era. Different working groups started to compile genre- and subject-focused databases. The accumulating material was being described in digital format; however, a digital overview of the archives as an integral whole was still lacking. The first efforts to create a digital archival information system were made in 2002, and as the digital collections grew in bulk, the need for a systematized file administration emerged. In cooperation with other departments of the Estonian Literary Museum, the digital repository Kivike ( The Virtual Cellar of the Literary Museum, available at kivike.kirmus.ee) was established with the support of the Estonian Information Systems Authority (RIA). The file repository holds the archival master files and distribution copies of the original digital collections and digitized materials (manuscripts, photos, audio and video material) of the folklore archives. On the other hand, Kivike is an archival information system for administrating the collections and conducting searches in the corpus: the system includes folklore texts transcribed from manuscripts and recordings and data entries from the databases of archived material. Today, the majority of the materials submitted to the archives are in digital format. Kratt, the digital portal for collecting folklore, enables users to fill in online questionnaires and upload files, while archivists can easily archive the submitted materials directly to the Kivike repository. 5

6 Eesti murrete digitaalne arhiiv Grethe Juhkason Tartu Ülikooli eesti murrete ja sugulaskeelte arhiiv sisaldab eesti murrete ja sugulaskeelte helisalvestisi alates aastatest, käsikirjalisi materjale, keele kogumise ja keeleteadusega seotud fotosid ning videosalvestusi. Arhiivi kogusid on digitaliseeritud alates aastast, seda tööd on juhtinud Liina Lindström ja Pär tel Lippus. Praeguseks on digitaliseeritud linte ja kassette u 919 tundi, käsikirju u lk ja fotosid ligi 800. Arhiivi maht kasvab pidevalt välitöömaterjalide ning lõputööde lisandudes. Aastal 2012 valmis kõigile huvilistele avatud veebipõhine andmebaas, mis asub aadressil Arhiivi eraldiseisev osa on eesti murrete korpus ( andmekogu, mis sisaldab sama tüüpi litereeritud murdetekste kõigist eesti murretest. Selle põhieesmärk on teha hästi valitud ja täpselt litereeritud materjalid kõigist eesti murretest uurijatele elektrooniliselt kättesaadavaks. Lisaks on murdekorpuse tekstid märksõnastatud ja morfoloogiliselt märgendatud. Korpuse põhjal on võimalik uurida võrdlevalt eesti murdeid nii häälikulisel, morfoloogilisel kui süntaktilisel tasandil. Korpuse praegune maht on üle 1,5 miljoni tekstisõna. 6

7 The Digital Archives of Estonian Dialects Grethe Juhkason The Archives of Estonian Dialects and Kindred Languages at the University of Tartu holds sound recordings of Estonian dialects and Finno-Ugric languages, collected since the 1950s, but also unpublished manuscripts, as well as photographic and video materials related to the collection and research of linguistic data. The digitization of the archive collections has been carried out since 2000 under the guidance of Liina Lindström and Pärtel Lippus. About 919 hours of sound recordings on tapes, about 191,000 pages of manuscript material, and almost 800 photos have been digitized up to now. The archives continues to grow as field research materials and student theses are added to its collections on a yearly basis. In 2012, the digital database of the archives was made available for public use at arhiiv. An independent part of the archives is the Corpus of Estonian Dialects ( murdekorpus), a database which incorporates transcribed texts of same type in all Estonian dialects. The main aim of the corpus is to make authentic data on all Estonian dialects, gathered and handled according to the same principles, digitally available for researchers. In addition, the dialectal texts are indexed and morphologically tagged. The corpus enables users to comparatively analyze Estonian dialects on the phonetic, morphological and syntactic level. The corpus currently contains more than 1.5 million running words. 7

8 Interaktiivne andmebaasifilm The East : publikuosaluse lahendus Raivo Kelomees Film The East toob esile Eesti suurimad kontrastid: Ida-Virumaa tööstuspiirkonna kõige maalilisema looduse, sünged ja kaunid tehismaastikud ning seal elavate inimeste elulood. Filmi tegelased ja geograafilised asukohad on reaalsed. Näeme inimesi, kelle käekäiku on vorminud tööelu energia- ja põlevikiviettevõtetes ja kelle perekonnad on rahvuslikult segunenud. Näeme reaalseid ja keerulisi saatusi, saame aru Ida-Eesti inimeste elu lihtsast kulust. Filmi eripäraks on selle kaks põhiväljundit: lineaarne ja interaktiivne. Interaktiivsel väljundil on kolm versiooni: kinoversioon, DVD-versioon ja veebiversioon. Interaktiivne filmiversioon pakub vaatajaile võimalust liikuda neljas teemas: loodus, tööstuskeskkond, masinad, inimesed. Filmi esteetika on üles ehitatud jaosekraani põhimõttele, võimaldades valida ootenarratiivi ja aktiivse narratiivi vahel. Kinoversiooni jaoks luuakse spetsiaalne käele kinnitatav liides, millega publik teeb kinosaalis valikuid. Enamusvalik muutub aktiivseks narratiiviks. Filmi autorid: Hille Karm, Raivo Kelomees - režissöör, produtsent Hans Gunter Lock - programmeerimine Igor Ruus - kaamera Chris Hales - konsultatsioon Toetaja: EAS, Eesti Kunstiakadeemia 8

9 Interactive database documentary The East: audience participation solution Raivo Kelomees The documentary The East reveals the most striking contrast in Estonia: the most picturesque nature of the industrial region in Ida-Viru County, Northeast Estonia, the gloomy yet beautiful man-made landscapes, and the life stories of people living there. The characters and geographic locations featured in the documentary are genuine. We see real people in ethnically mixed marriages, whose life has been shaped by working in energy and oil shale companies. We are presented with real and complex destinies and gain a sense of the simplicity of life of the people in East Estonia. The documentary s specific feature is that it will be released both as a linear and an interactive version. The interactive documentary will come out in three formats in cinema, on DVD, and online. The interactive version offers the audience a chance to choose between four themes: nature, industrial environment, machines, and people. The aesthetics of the documentary is built upon the principle of slit screen, which allows the audience to choose between an active and a passive narrative. A special custom-designed interface will be constructed for the cinema format. Each member of the audience will have the interface attached to their hand, and they can use it to make choices displayed on-screen. The majority choice determines which narrative will be activated. The project s team: Hille Karm, Raivo Kelomees producing and directing Hans Gunter Lock programming Igor Ruus cinematography Chris Hales consulting Supporter: Enterprise Estonia, Estonian Academy of Arts 9

10 Tallinna Ülikooli Eesti Pedagoogika Arhiivmuuseumi digitaalarhiiv Hariduslooline e-varamu Veronika Varik Eesti Pedagoogika Arhiivmuuseum (EPAM), Tallinna Ülikooli allüksus, on omanäoline sümbioos muuseumist, arhiivist ja raamatukogust, mille ülesandeks on eesti hariduse- ja kooliajaloo alase kollektsiooni süsteemne ja järjepidev täiendamine, säilitamine, tutvustamine, õppe- ja teadustöö toetamine ning teadus-, loome- ja arendustöö edendamine. Kollektsioon koosneb käsikirja- ja dokumendikogust ( ühikut), trükisekogust ( ühikut), audiovisuaalsest kogust ( ühikut), esemekogust (8066 ühikut) ning on katalogiseeritud bibliograafiaprogrammiga ProCite5. Kirjed on esitatud veebirakenduses epam.tlu.ee, mis aga ei võimalda esitada materjalide digitaalkujutisi aastal käivitas EPAM Riigi Infosüsteemide Ameti toel projekti Digitaalarhiiv Hariduslooline e-varamu, mille raames digiteeritakse EPAMi audiovisuaalsed kogud ning valmib digitaalarhiiv, mis võimaldab veebis kättesaadavaks teha nii kogude kataloogiteabe kui digitaalkujutised. Hariduslooline e-varamu liidestatakse muuseumide infosüsteemiga MUIS ning Eesti mäluasutuste, ülikoolide ja teadusasutuste andmekogude koondportaaliga Eesti e-varamu. Hariduslooline e-varamu on mõeldud kasutamiseks haridus- ja kultuurivaldkonnas tegutsevatele institutsioonidele, organisatsioonidele ja isikutele hariduslikel, haridusloolistel, uurimuslikel ja isiklikel eesmärkidel. 10

11 Digital repository of the history of education: the digital archives of the Estonian Pedagogical Archives-Museum at Tallinn University Veronika Varik The Estonian Pedagogical Archives-Museum (EPAM), a sub-unit of Tallinn University, represents a rare symbiosis of a museum, an archives and a library. The institution aims to systematically and consistently improve, preserve and popularize the collection of the history of Estonian education and schools, support education and research in the field, and promote academic, creative and development activities. The archives comprises of the following collections: manuscripts and documents (44,066 items), printed publications (49,352 items), audiovisual material (44,299 items), artefacts (8,066 items); collections are catalogued using the reference management software ProCite5. The archival entries can be accessed online at epam.tlu.ee. This solution, however, does not permit presenting digital images of the materials. In 2013, EPAM launched the project Digital repository of the history of education (Digitaalarhiiv Hariduslooline e-varamu), supported by the Estonian Information Systems Authority. In the course of the project, the collection of audiovisual materials of EPAM will be digitized and a digital archives will be created to make the catalogue of the collections and digital images of the items available online. The digital archives will be interfaced to the Museum Information System (MUIS) and Eesti e-varamu, the joint web portal of repositories of memory institutions, universities and research institutions in Estonia. The digital repository of the history of education is intended to be used by institutions, organizations and individuals in the sphere of education and culture for educational, education-historical, research and individual purposes. 11

12 Ülevaade Eesti veebiarhiivist Jaanus Kõuts Eesti veebiarhiiv on loodud Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu poolt eesmärgiga säilitada veebisaitidel olevat Eesti kultuuripärandit. Sundeksemplari seaduse alusel kuuluvad eesti võrguväljaanded (sh veebisaidid) sundeksemplaridena loovutamisele alates aastast ning nende kogujaks on Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu. Kogutud materjal on lubatud ka kõigile avalikult kättesaadavaks teha, sealjuures on väljaande omanikul õigus piirata juurdepääsu oma väljaandele. Kui esialgu on kogutud veebisaite koostöös teiste Eesti mäluasutuste spetsialistidega väljatöötatud Eesti veebiarhiivi valikupõhimõtete alusel, siis aastal on kavas arhiveerida kogu kättesaadav eesti rahvusdomeen (.ee) ning ka väljaspool seda asuvad eesti saidid, mille olemasolu õnnestub tuvastada. Tekkivad suurandmed avavad uurijatele märkimisväärseid võimalusi uurida eesti kultuuris ja ühiskonnas toimuvaid protsesse, mis on leidnud kajastuse veebisisus. Veebiarhiiv võimaldab säilitada lühikese elueaga saite ning kiiresti muutuvate saitide (nt uudisteportaalid) versioone, olulisemate sündmuste veebikajastusi, kodanikuajakirjandust, veebipäevikuid, samuti tõendada veebisaitidele tehtud viidete paikapidavust teadustöödes. 12

13 The Overview of Estonian Web Archives Jaanus Kõuts The Estonian Web Archives was created at the Estonian National Library with an aim to preserve websites that are significant from the point of view of Estonian cultural heritage. According to the Legal Deposit Act, since 2006 all Estonian online publications (including websites) have to be submitted as deposit copies to the Estonian National Library. The collected material will be made available for the general public, whereas owner of the publication retains the right to restrict access to the publication. While the archiving of websites was started according to the selection principles of Estonian web archives, compiled in collaboration with specialists from various Estonian memory institutions, in 2014, according to the plan, the entire Estonian national domain (.ee) and identified Estonian websites outside the domain will be archived as well. The resulting corpus will open remarkable opportunities for researchers to study processes occurring in Estonian culture and society and their representation in online content. The Web Archives allows preserving short-lived websites and the different versions of rapidly changing online sites (e.g. news portals), online coverage of major events, civic journalism, weblogs, and also proving the validity of online references in academic research works. 13

14 Tallinna Ülikooli Ajaloo Instituudi arheoloogiakogude infosüsteem Mari-Liis Posti Tallinna Ülikooli Ajaloo Instituudi arheoloogiakogude infosüsteem on loodud arheoloogiliste kollektsioonide haldamiseks lähtudes instituudi arheoloogiakogude iseloomust. TLÜ Ajaloo Instituudi halduses on arheoloogilised esemeleiud, osteoloogilised leiud ja arheoloogia arhiivi säilikud. Tegemist on Eesti suurima teadusliku arheoloogilise koguga. Infosüsteem on relatsiooniline MySQL andmebaas, mis võimaldab koguga tutvuda nii avalikkusel kui teadlastel. Avalikuks kasutamiseks mõeldud lihtotsing on ligipääsetav leheküljelt detailsema otsingu sooritamiseks teevad kogude haldajad soovijatele kasutajakonto. Ennekõike on detailsemat infot jagav andmebaasi osa mõeldud kogu töötajatele, teadlastele, Muinsuskaitseametnikele, tudengitele, koduloouurijatele ja huvilistele, kel on konkreetne soov tutvuda instituudi arheoloogiliste kollektsioonidega. Otsingutulemusi on võimalik salvestada.csv või.xls formaadis. Avalikkusele on kasutada ka arheoloogilise bibliograafia otsing aadressilt bib.arheoloogia.ee. Lähim eesmärk on arendada andmebaasi avaliku kasutamise osa ning välja töötada moodul, mis võimaldaks sooritada päringuid ka teistesse arheoloogia infosüsteemidesse. 14

15 The information system of archaeological collections at the Institute of History, Tallinn University Mari-Liis Posti The information system of archaeological collections at the Institute of History, Tallinn University was established to manage archaeological collections according to the specific characteristics of the collections. The Institute of History manages the collection of archaeological artefact findings, osteological findings and archaeological reference archives. This is the largest archaeological research collection in Estonia. The information system is a MySQL relational database, which enables both the general public and researchers gain access to the archives. A simple search for public use is available at while advanced search options are available for registered users, such as archive workers, researchers, officials of the National Heritage Board, students, local historians and enthusiasts with a specific interest in the institute s archaeological collections. The search results can be saved as.csv or.xls files. The general public has also access to the bibliography of Estonian archaeology at bib.arheoloogia.ee. Our next objective will be the elaboration of public access to the database and developing a module which would enable users to cross-search also other archaeology databases. 15

16 Skriptoorium tekstimassiivi automatiseeritud kiirtöötlus ja selle väljundid Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi folkloristika osakonna sisestuste näitel Andres Kuperjanov Alates üsna esimestest folklooriainese sisestustest 1990-ndate aastate alguses on praegune Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi folkloristika osakond järginud kirjeformaati, mis on sobiv tekstide masstöötlemiseks. Sisestatud on ligikaudu teksti, mis kuuluvad eri folklooriliikidesse ja on seotud erinevate teemadega. Praegusel andmebaaside ülistamise perioodil pakub esitletav tehnoloogia neile arvestatavat alternatiivi, kuna sisule orienteeritud töötluseks pole füüsiline andmebaas vajalik. Puudub ka andmebaasidele iseloomulik keeruline metaandmete tabeldamise ja täiendavate kirjelduste loomise vajadus, kuna kogu töö toimub reaalse tekstiga ja oluline informatsioon on massiivi kirjesse vahetult integreeritud. Olemas on ka võrguandmebaaside põhifunktsioone emuleeriva graafilise väljundi võimalus. Osakonna e-arhiivis on arhiiviköidete kaupa hoiustatavad sisestused vajadusel kergesti konverteeritavad. Projekt on seotud projektidega EKKM (Eesti keele, kultuuri ja folkloori kasutusalade laiendamine ja tutvustamine elektroonilistel infokandjatel) ja EKKM (Monumenta Antiquae muistendi- ja loitsuköited) ning sihtfinantseeritava teadusteemaga SF s08 (Folkloori narratiivsed aspektid. Võim, isiksus ja globaliseerumine). 16

17 Skriptoorium: fast, automated processing of text corpora of the Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum Andres Kuperjanov Since the entering of the first folklore materials in the early 1990s at the Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, the department has followed the input format suitable for mass processing of texts. By the present moment nearly 150,000 texts of different folklore genres and on different themes have been transcribed from manuscripts. At our current age of lauding databases, this particular solution offers a practical alternative, since content-oriented processing does not require a physical database. There is also no need for a complex tabulation of metadata and creating further descriptive data, since the entire processing is done on actual text and the required information is directly integrated in the corpus entry. The processor also includes the graphical output option emulating the basic functions of online databases. The digitized texts stored as archive files in the department s digital archives are also easily convertible. Skriptoorium is related to projects EKKM (Development and introduction of online applications of Estonian language, culture and folklore) and EKKM (Monumenta Antiquae legend and incantation anthologies) and the state-financed research project SF s08 (Narrative aspects of folklore: power, personality and globalization). 17

18 Muistse asustuspildi uurimine digitaalsete meetoditega Allar Haav Arheoloogias on digitaalsete meetodite kasutamine olnud aktuaalne juba aastakümneid, eriti just ruumilisuse uurimisel. Ruumilise lähenemise eri võtteid kasutas autor ühe Kagu-Eesti rauaaegse asustusmustri analüüsis. Punktmustri analüüs võimaldab näidata, kas asulate paiknemine on juhuslikku laadi või saab selles näha korrapära või koondumist. Ripley K-funktsioon näitas küll statistiliselt olulist klasterdumist asulate paiknemisel, ent täiendav nn ebahomogeenne analüüs tõendas keskkonnategurite tohutut mõju sellele. Nn märgiühenduse (mark connection) analüüs mõõdab samatüübiliste (s.o sama märgiga) punktide ruumilist autokorrelatsiooni ehk seda, kuivõrd kipuvad sama tüüpi nähtused omavahel lähestikku paiknema. Analüüsi tulemusel ilmnesid seosed, mis on tõlgendatavad asustuses toimunud protsessidena: lokaalsed asustusnihked, asustuse loomulik laienemine ja päris uute alade hõivamine. Kvantitatiivne lähenemine pakub tõenduspõhise aluse järelduste tegemiseks ning arvestab seejuures uuritava nähtuse ruumilise olemusega. Just need asjaolud võiks olla stiimuliks samalaadsete võtete rakendamisel teistelgi humanitaaraladel, mis omavad ruumilist aspekti. Digitaalhumanitaaria sees ongi kujunenud omaette suund ruumihumanitaaria (spatial humanities), mis ühendab nimelt eri humanitaaralade ruumiandmete uurimist digitaalsete analüüsimeetodite, rakenduste ja võtete abil. 18

19 Applying digital methods in settlement pattern analysis Allar Haav In archaeology, digital methods have been used extensively for decades, especially in spatial contexts. Such an approach was utilized in the pattern analysis of an Iron Age settlement in Southeast Estonia. The point pattern analysis reveals whether settlements indicate random placement or display ordering or clustering. Ripley s K-function showed evidence of significant clustering; however, further inhomogeneous analysis implied a significant influence of environmental factors on this phenomenon. Mark connection analysis was used to measure spatial autocorrelation, i.e. the tendency of spatial agglomeration of similar features. As a result, multi-scalar relationships were revealed, indicating interesting settlement processes such as local settlement shifts, natural expansion as well as colonization. This kind of quantitative approach offers more solid premises for drawing conclusions, taking also into consideration the spatial nature of the phenomena under study. A special area has evolved in the digital humanities, known as the spatial humanities, which combines research of spatial aspects of different disciplines of the humanities through digital methods of analysis, applications and approaches. 19

20 Muinsuskaitse ja restaureerimise valdkonna visuaalse teabe digitaalse arhiveerimise ja graafilise dokumenteerimise süsteem Hilkka Hiiop Pärandi säilitamise juurde kuulub lisaks füüsilisele konserveerimisele ka selle säilitamise ja restaureerimisega seotud materjalide (fotograafiline, graafiline ja kirjalik dokumentatsioon) süsteemne talletamine. Sellele toetuvad kõik tulevased restaureerimis- ja säilitustegevused. Traditsiooniliselt on neid materjale koostatud paberkandjal ja säilitatud arhiivides, digitaalajastule üleminek tõi aga kaasa materjalide kuhjumise ja segaduse arhiveerimises. Probleemi lahendamiseks arendas Eesti Kunstimuuseum koostöös ettevõttega Wiseman Interactive aastatel välja süsteemi, mis võimaldab digitaalselt arhiveerida ja töödelda visuaalset erialateavet. Süsteem koosneb kahest moodulist. Visuaalse informatsiooni graafilise dokumentatsiooni moodul võimaldab hõlpsalt markeerida visuaalsetel kujutistel eri tüüpi kahjustused. Digitaalkujul materjale on võimalik hiljem kasutada sõltumata asukohast. Digitaalse arhiveerimise moodul võimaldab süsteemselt talletada mälestistega seotud dokumentatsioonifailid ning siduda need teose põhiinformatsiooniga. Nii koondub iga mälestisega seonduv teave, võimaldades jälgida kunstiteose käekäiku pikas perspektiivis. Rakenduse eripäraks on laiapõhjalisus ja kasutajasõbralikkus süsteem hõlmab pärandi haldamise erinevad töölõigud ning selle hõlpsus võimaldab restauraatoril keskenduda erialasele tegevusele ehk analüüsile, MIDA märkida, mitte tehnilistele küsimustele, ehk sellele, KUIDAS märkida. Vt: 20

21 The system for digital archiving and graphic documentation of visual data in preserving and restoring cultural heritage Hilkka Hiiop In addition to the physical conservation, preserving cultural heritage always requires systematic recording of materials about the preservation and restoration work (photographic, graphic and written documentation), forming the basis for all further restoration and conservation activities. Traditionally the materials are recorded on paper and stored in the archives, but transition to the digital age resulted in the accumulation of the materials and disorganization in archiving. To solve the problem, in , the Art Museum of Estonia together with Wiseman Interactive developed a system that allows digital archiving and processing of visual information in the field. The system consists of two modules. The module for documenting visual information in graphic form allows easy tagging of different types of damages on visual images. The digitized materials can be later accessed from any location. The module for digital archiving enables systematic recording of files of documentation about cultural monuments and linking these to the general information about each work of art. The significance of the application lies in its broad range of use and user-friendliness: the system encompasses the various sections of managing cultural heritage and because it is easy to use, art restorers can focus on their specialized analysis of what to document, rather than the technical issues of how to document. See: 21

22 IT-rakendused humanitaarteadustes: eesti vahekeele korpus Pille Eslon Mart Laanpere Tallinna Ülikooli eesti vahekeele korpus on eesti õppijakeele kirjalike tekstide kogu, millel on rida alamkorpusi, kasutajaliides, mitmetasandiline annoteerimis- ja märgendussüsteem, statistikamoodul, tekstide automaatse analüüsi võimalus jm. Kombineerides teksti erinevaid tunnuseid (nt teksti liik, sõnede arv, lausete hulk), vealiike ja metateavet õppija kohta (nt emakeel, päritolumaa, sugu, haridus, keeleoskustase) võimaldab Eesti vahekeele korpuse kasutajaliides teostada mitmetasandilisi päringuid. Seisuga oktoober 2013 sisaldab korpus teksti, üldmaht on sõnet, teksti keskmine pikkus 272 sõnet. Tabel. Eesti vahekeele korpuse alamkorpused. Alamkorpus Tekstide arv Sõnede arv Teksti keskmine pikkus K2 tuumkorpus K2 riiklikud eksamitööd K2 olümpiaadi tööd K2 akadeemiline eesti keel K1 akadeemiline eesti keel* K1 vene keel (referentskorpus) K3 vene keel (referentskorpus) *Alamkorpuse koostaja on Tallinna Ülikooli teaduskeele keskus (P. Nemvalts). Korpust saab kasutada 1) empiirilist ja rakenduslikku laadi uurimistöös (nt eesti keele omandamisprotsess, Euroopa Nõukogu keeleoskustasemed, eesti keele kasutusmustrid, keele arengutendentsid); 2) tulevaste õpetajate ja lingvistide koolitamisel (nt veaanalüüs, sõna- ja vormisagedus, klasteranalüüs); 3) tegevõpetajate täiendõppes (nt kuidas keele õpetamisel korpusi kasutada, kuidas korpusandmeid kasutades hinnata keeleõpikute asjakohasust) jm. 22

23 IT applications in the humanities: Estonian Interlanguage Corpus Pille Eslon Mart Laanpere Estonian Interlanguage Corpus established at Tallinn University is a collection of written texts of Estonian as the second language and as the foreign language with a number of sub-corpora, user interface, a multi-level annotation and tagging system, statistics module, option to automatic parsing of texts, etc. By combining the different characteristics of text (e.g. genre, number of words or sentences), types of errors, and metadata on language learner (e.g. first language, country of origin, gender, education, level of language proficiency) the user interface of the Estonian Interlanguage Corpus allows carrying out multi-level inquiries. As of October 2013, the corpus contains 11,720 texts with a total of 3,185,591 running words, and the average length of each text is 272 running words. Table: Sub-corpora of Estonian Interlanguage Corpus Sub-corpus No. of texts No. of running words Average length of text (no. of words) K2 main corpus 3, , K2 national examinations 7,856 1,989, K2 open contests and olympiads 63 58, K2 academic writing in Estonian 13 14, K1 academic writing in Estonian * 4 3, K1 Russian (reference corpus) , K3 Russian (reference corpus) , * The sub-corpus was compiled at the Centre of Academic Language, University of Tallinn (P. Nemvalts) Estonian Interlanguage Corpus can be used in (1) empirical and applied research (e.g. acquiring Estonian as L2, language proficiency levels of the European Council, usage patterns of Estonian language, language development tendencies); (2) training future language teachers and linguists (e.g. error analysis, frequency of words and forms, cluster analysis); (3) further training of active language teachers (e.g. using the corpora in language teaching, using the corpus data in assessing the validity of textbooks), etc. 23

24 Digitaalsed kirjandusmaastikud Elle-Mari Talivee Andmebaasi Kreutzwaldi sajand. Eesti kultuurilooline veeb (kreutzwald.kirmus.ee) digitaalkujul tekstid on võimaldanud mul eesti kirjandusklassikat uurida arvuti abil: olen esialgu kasutanud programmi WordSmith Tools 5.0 ( ja kaarditarkvara GoogleMaps. WordSmith teeb kättesaadavaks kirjandusteksti sõnavara, näitab kordusmustreid, võimaldab võrrelda tekstiti autori sõnakasutust. Saadud info kaardile projekteerimine omakorda on avanud ja selgitanud kirjanike loodud kirjanduslikke maailmu. Ehkki sedalaadi andmestikku oleks võimalik koguda ka lähilugemise kaudu, lihtsustab ja kiirendab arvutitöötlus uurimistööd oluliselt, seejuures on lähilugemine andmete kontrolliks tingimata vajalik. Kirjandusliku paiga uurijale on lähenemisviis intrigeeriv; uurimismeetod on toonud teravamalt esile mitmeid jooni käsitletud tekstides ning avanud uusi aspekte. Orienteerumine arvutitarkvaras on humanitaarile esialgu raske, ent kõik on huviga õpitav. Selle tõestuseks tahaksin jõuda oma uurimistööga korraliku artiklini Eduard Vilde romaani Kui Anija mehed Tallinnas käisid (1903) paigasõnavarast. 24

25 Digital literary landscapes Elle-Mari Talivee The digitzed texts in the database Kreutzwald s Century: Estonian Cultural History Online (kreutzwald.kirmus.ee) have made it possible for me to study classical Estonian literature using computer. So far, I have been using the WordSmith Tools 5.0 software ( and GoogleMaps. WordSmith provides access to the vocabulary of the literary text, displaying recurrent patterns, and allows comparing the author s language use through all his or her texts. Mapping the obtained information has, in turn, opened up and explained the literary worlds of the authors. Although it is possible to collect such data through close reading, the digital processing significantly facilitates and speeds up research, even though close reading is still required for checking the results. This approach is intriguing for those who study literary landscapes; the research method has more strikingly revealed various features and new aspects in the studied texts. For a humanities researcher, getting acquainted with new software might prove challenging, but enthusiasm makes learning easy. To prove this point, I hope to write a proper article on the use of locality vocabulary in Eduard Vilde s novel Kui Anija mehed Tallinnas käisid (1903). 25

26 VNS virtuaalmuuseum.ee Andres Uueni VNS-süsteemi kontseptsioon on ühes keskkonnas koostada ja esitada näituste ja kogude katalooge, esitada nii digiteeritud kui digitaalselt sündinud kogude sisu. VNS võimaldab laiemale avalikkusele ligipääsu kogudele, mis seni on olnud mingil põhjusel piiratud kasutuses või mis eksisteerivad vaid virtuaalkujul. VNS-is on valdavalt esitletud infot, mis on juba olemas tabeli või andmebaasi kujul ning mida importides VNS-is saab luua uue virtuaalse kogu või näituse. Esimene näitus Eesti modernism loodi aastal. Perioodil oli VNS-i näituste unikaalseid külastajaid kokku Olulisteks märksõnadeks VNS-süsteemi puhul on: ligipääsu võimaldamine, kohandatavus ja erinevate keelte tugi. Kujundusfaile (CSS) saab eri näituste puhul kohandada vastavalt vajadustele ja näituse iseloomule. Virtuaalnäitust on võimalik algusest lõpuni seadistada/kohandada. Samuti on võimalus koostada näitusi erinevates keeltes on toetatud UTF-8 kodeeringu kasutamine ning automaatne tõlgete lisamine andmefailist. Süsteemist on võimalik andmeid eksportida (ESE XML tugi, kogemus portaaliga Europeana.eu) ning on olemas SaaS lahendus (tarkvara EK Kanuti serveris), millele pakume ka kasutajatuge. 26

27 VNS: Online exhibitions system virtuaalmuuseum.ee Andres Uueni The basic concept of the online exhibitions system (VNS) is to compile and present catalogues of exhibitions and collections in order to display the contents of both digitized and born-digital collections in a single platform. The system offers the wider public access to the collections that have so far been of restricted access or existed only in digital form. The system mainly features data that already exists in the form of tables or databases, and after importing the data, the system helps to create a new virtual collection or exhibition. The first art exhibition on Modernism in Estonia was opened in Between 1 January and 31 December 2013, the VNS exhibitions were viewed by 23,849 unique visitors. The main keywords of the online exhibitions system are: enabling access, adaptability, and support for different languages. The style sheet (.css) files can be converted to adapt to the requirements and nature of each exhibition. The virtual exhibition can be fine-tuned and adapted at every stage. Also, the exhibitions can be displayed in different languages, as the system supports the use of UTF-8 encoding and automatic adding of translations from data files. The system permits exporting data (ESE XML support, experience with Europeana.eu portal) and offers a SaaS solution (software in the server of Conservation Centre Kanut), for which we also offer user support. 27

28 Kreutzwaldi sajand: eesti kultuurilooline veeb Marju Mikkel Marin Laak Kreutzwaldi sajand (KS) on mahukas kirjanduslooline veebiprojekt, mille keskmes on kirjanik ja tema teosed. Projekt põhineb: (1) eesti kirjandusloo kirjutamise 100-aastasele traditsioonile, (2) mäluasutuste digiressurssidele ja (3) uue meedia tarbimise ja kasutaja uuringutele. Projekti alustati aastal KS-i ülesehituse aluseks on seoste võrgustik, mis võimaldab kasutajal tutvuda ühe isikuga seotud eriliigiliste materjalidega autori elulooga, fotodega ja teostega. Digitaalsed objektid tuuakse kokku menüüde abil, mis avavad raamatukogu, kirjanike leksikoni ja fotoarhiivid. KS-i keskmeks on eesti kirjanikud (kokku 149) kõik teised materjalid on koondatud nende ümber nii, et oleks võimalik jälgida eesti kirjanduse arengut kultuuriloolises kontekstis. Selleks on kirjanikud seotud ajateljega Eesti kultuur ja olud. KS arvestab projekti kujunduses ja pildisisu arendamisel 21. sajandi internetikasutaja visuaalharjumusi, uusim versioon (2014) vastab tahvelarvutite ja nutitelefonide kasutajate vajadustele. KS-i pildimaterjali võib jagada kaheks: 1) kirjanike fotoarhiivid (üle 8800 foto) on pärit KM EKLA kogudest; 2) illustratsioonid sündmuste ajateljel pärinevad teiste mäluasutuste (peamiselt Filmiarhiivi) digitaalarhiividest. Loodud ilukirjanduslik tekstikorpus omab suurt potentsiaali nii kirjanduse kui eesti kirjakeele ajaloo uurimisel, eri arhiivide pildimaterjalid paigutab KS laiemasse ajastukonteksti. 28

29 Kreutzwald s Century : Estonian Cultural History Web Marju Mikkel Marin Laak Kreutzwald s Century (KC) is a voluminous content-based literary historical web project focusing on the writer and his/her works. The project is based on (1) the century-long tradition of writing Estonian literary histories (data model), (2) digital resources of memory institutions (books, photos), and (3) research on the usage of new media (surveys). The project was initiated in The content of KC is based on a network of links, which allows users to view different types of materials related to one author the author s biography, photos, and works all at once. All the digital objects are brought together in different menus linking to the library, reference materials on the writers, and photo archives. Estonian writers (the project currently includes 149 authors) constitute the core of KC all other materials are grouped around them in a way that it is possible to trace the development of Estonian literature in cultural-historical context. For that, the authors are arranged along a temporal axis Estonian culture and situation. In developing the project s layout and image content, KC takes into consideration the visual preferences of a 21st century web user. The most recent version (2014) meets the needs of tablet and smartphone users. The image sources could be divided in two: 1) the writers photo archives (more than 8,800 photos) originate in the collections of the Estonian Cultural History Archives; and 2) illustrations on the temporal axis are linked from the digital archives of other memory institutions (mainly the Estonian Film Archives). The created corpus of literary texts shows great potential for the study of Estonian literature and the history of Estonian literary language, and KC sets the visual materials of different archives in a wider temporal context. 29

30 Eesti Keeleressursside Keskuse tutvustus Kadri Vider Eesti keeleressursside keskus (EKRK) on humanitaarvaldkonna teadustaristu, eri uurimisasutustes paiknevate, veebi kaudu ligipääsetavate andmehoidlate võrgustik. EKRK teeb eelkõige teadlastele, kuid ka teistele eesti keele huvilistele kättesaadavaks eesti keele digitaalsed ressursid ja tehnoloogiad (keeletarkvara, sõnastikud, teksti- ja kõnekorpused, keeleandmebaasid). Olemasolevate digitaalsete arhiivide kasutuse hõlbustamiseks luuakse neile kõigile juurdepääs keskuse kaudu, kasutajatele võimaldatakse autentimise teel juurdepääsu mitmel eri tasemel. Keeletehnoloogia vahendeid pakutakse kui veebiteenust, mis kasutab arhiveeritud andmeid. Lisaks olemasolevate ja uute, loodavate keeleressursside kogumisele ja arhiveerimisele käivitatakse keskuses süsteem olemasolevate keeleressursside tutvustamiseks ja potentsiaalsete kasutajate koolitamiseks. EKRK osaleb Eesti esindajana keeleressursside keskuste üleeuroopalises võrgustikus CLARIN ERIC ja hoiab üleval ka META-NETi ressursiregistrite võrgustiku META-SHARE Eesti sõlme. 30

31 Center of Estonian Language Resources Kadri Vider The Center of Estonian Language Resources (CELR) is an infrastructure of the humanities, a network of online data repositories of different research institutions. The goal of CELR is to make digital resources of Estonian language and language technologies (language software, dictionaries, text and speech corpora, language databases) available mainly to researchers but also to everyone interested in Estonian language. In order to facilitate the use of existing digital archives, CELR offers convenient access to the different archives through the center and registered users can access the material on different levels. CELR offers language technology solutions as an online service that uses the archived data. In addition to the collecting and archiving of the existing language resources and those created in the future, CELR will launch a system for informing and educating potential users in the language resources. CELR represents Estonia in the EU language infrastructure CLARIN ERIC and also manages the Estonian subdivision of META-SHARE network of resource registers in the framework of META-NET. 31

32 Paröömilise grafiti andmebaas folkloristliku infoallikana Piret Voolaid Veebiandmebaas on aastail toimunud Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia ja Poola Teaduste Akadeemia koostööprojekti Creativity and tradition in cultural communication ( Loovus ja traditsioon kultuurikommunikatsioonis ) üks väljundeid. Projekti raames korraldasid Poola Krakówi Jagellooni Ülikooli lingvist Grzegorz Szpila ja Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi folklorist Piret Voolaid paralleelse grafiti-uurimise, keskendudes paröömilise ehk vanasõnalis-fraseoloogilise ainese kasutamisele Eesti ja Poola seinakirjutustes. Andmebaasi põhisisu moodustab uurimuse tarvis alates aasta algusest peamiselt Tartus, aga ka mujal Eestis fotografeeritud grafitiaines, lisaks sisaldab andmebaas Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiivis leiduvaid väheseid grafitijäädvustusi aasta oktoobri seisuga on baasis u. 500 grafitit. Andmebaasi eesmärgiks on aktuaalset kultuurinähtust säilitada ja esitada süsteemse folkloorikorpusena nii kultuuriuurijatele kui ka laiemale, meelelahutuslike huvidega kasutajaskonnale. Tekstide ingliskeelsed tõlked soodustavad rahvusvahelist teadlaskoostööd. Andmebaasile on lisatud ka žanri spetsiifikast lähtuv statistilise andmetöötluse võimalus. Pikema aja jooksul kogutud ja metaandmestikuga varustatud aines koos veebirakenduses loodud võimalustega annab folkloorižanrist hea läbilõike, toetab uurijat ainese analüüsimisel ja sotsiaalkultuuriliste üldistuste tegemisel. Uurimus valmis projektide SF s08, ETF8137 ja ETF8149 toel. 32

33 The database of paroemic graffiti as a source in folklore research Piret Voolaid The online database at is one of the outcomes of Creativity and tradition in cultural communication ( ), the cooperation project of the Estonian Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the framework of the project Grzegorz Szpila, linguist at the Jagellonian University in Krakow, Poland, and Piret Voolaid, folklorist at the Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, carried out parallel research in graffiti, focusing on the use of paroemic or proverbial-phraseological material in Estonian and Polish wall art. The majority of the database consists of graffiti photographed since 2011 mainly in Tartu, but also elsewhere in Estonia, but includes also the few graffiti documented and held in the Estonian Folklore Archives. As of early October 2013, the database contains about 500 graffiti. The database aims to preserve a modern cultural phenomenon and present it as a systematic corpus of folklore that can be used by researchers of culture, but also by the wider audience for entertainment purposes. The English translations added to the texts favour international academic cooperation. The database also features an option for processing statistical data according to genre specificity. The material collected over a longer period, with additional metadata and the options created in the web application, offers a good cross-section of this folkloric genre, supports researcher in analyzing the material and allows making socio-cultural generalizations. The study was supported by the state-financed project SF s08, and Estonian Science Foundation grants ETF8137 and ETF

34 Ida-Euroopa kolme rahva naljade andmebaas Liisi Laineste Kolme rahva naljad moodustavad ühe arvukaima ja populaarseima etniliste naljade alamkategooria. Need on tuntud paljude rahvaste folklooris, kuid tegelased varieeruvad riigiti, kultuuriti ja keeleti: kui näiteks Briti traditsioonis on tegelasteks inglane, iirlane ja šotlane, siis Poola naljades hoopis poolakas, venelane ja sakslane; eesti tuntuim kolmik on eestlane, sakslane ja venelane. Tegelaste valik annab infot anekdootide liikumisest ja muutumisest kultuuridevahelises ruumis ning pakub suurepärast materjali võrdlevaks uurimiseks. Mediawiki-põhine projekt kolme rahva anekdootide kogumiseks algas aastal 2010 Eesti ja Poola Teaduste Akadeemiate koostööprojekti Creativity and tradition in cultural communication raames. Kolme rahva naljade leheküljel on praeguseks 100 teksti, milles eristub kolm kategooriat: globaalsed anekdooditüübid; globaalsete tüüpide lokaalsed modifikatsioonid; lokaalsed anekdooditüübid. Mediawiki pakub võimalusi ka tulemuste visualiseerimiseks, nii on selgemini näha sisestatud tekstide omavahelised seosed ja nende võimalik evolutsioon. Kuigi mediawiki on tööriist, mida tuleks antud uurimisvallas veel täiustada ja kohandada, võib kokkuvõtteks öelda, et ta pakub suurepärast keskkonda folklooritekstide kultuuridevaheliseks uurimiseks. 34

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