Student Activity Manual

Transcription

1 Student Activity Manual Malcolm Welch Queen s University John B. Gradwell McGill University Eugene Martin Southwest Texas State Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois

2 Copyright 2008 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Previous editions copyright 2004, 2000, 1996, 1993, 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America. ISBN-13: ISBN-10: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Brand Disclaimer: Brand names, company names, and illustrations for products and services included in this text are provided for educational purposes only and do not represent or imply endorsement or recommendation by the author or the publisher. The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Safety Notice: The reader is expressly advised to carefully read, understand, and apply all safety precautions and warnings described in this book or that might also be indicated in undertaking the activities and exercises described herein to minimize risk of personal injury or injury to others. Common sense and good judgment should also be exercised and applied to help avoid all potential hazards. The reader should always refer to the appropriate manufacturer s technical information, directions, and recommendations; then proceed with care to follow specific equipment operating instructions. The reader should understand these notices and cautions are not exhaustive. The publisher makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to equipment, procedures, and applications described or referred to herein, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any changes, errors, or omissions in this book. The publisher specifically disclaims any liability whatsoever, including any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the reader s use or reliance upon the information, instructions, procedures, warnings, cautions, applications, or other matter contained in this book. The publisher assumes no responsibility for the activities of the reader.

3 Introduction Part 1 Design and Make Activities Designing DMA-1 Tallest Tower 9 DMA-2 New Uses for Everyday Products 11 Communicating Ideas DMA-3 My Dream Furniture 13 DMA-4 My Personal Prism 15 Materials DMA-5 Storage 17 DMA-6 Games Galore 19 DMA-7 Hanging Fun 21 DMA-8 Desk Lamp 23 Structures DMA-9 Showcase 25 DMA-10 On the Move 27 DMA-11 Pet House 29 DMA-12 Temporary Shelter 31 Machines and Transportation DMA-13 Puppets 33 DMA-14 Mechanical Toys 35 DMA-15 Moving Toys 37 DMA-16 Pneumatic Ergonome 39 Electricity and Electronics DMA-17 Robots 41 DMA-18 Keep Out! 43 DMA-19 Electronic Jewelry 45 DMA-20 Game of Chance 47 Table of Contents Information and Communication Technology DMA-21 Pop-Up Cards 49 DMA-22 Party Plans 51 Biotechnology DMA-23 Healthy Eating 53 DMA-24 Prepacked Lunches 55 World of Work DMA-25 Fundraising 57 DMA-26 Getting a Job 59 Learning from the Past, Predicting the Future DMA-27 New Uses for Old Things 61 DMA-28 Seeing Both Sides 63 Part 2 Support Tasks Designing ST-1 You Are a Designer 65 ST-2 Brainstorming 67 ST-3 Using a Collage to Generate Ideas 69 ST-4 Identifying User Needs ST-5 and Interests 71 Writing a Design Specification 73 ST-6 Making and Using Nets 75 ST-7 Using a Gantt Chart to Plan 79 ST-8 Exploring Existing Products 81 ST-9 Exploring Natural Shapes 83 ST-10 Exploring Geometric Shapes 85 ST-11 Investigating Pets 87 ST-12 Decorating Cardboard 89 ST-13 Writing a Design Brief 91 ST-14 Designing for People Anthropometric Data 93 Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Technology: Shaping Our World Student Activity Manual 3

4 Contents ST-15 Making an Ergonome 95 ST-16 Modeling Ideas with Cardboard, Wood Strip, and Dowel 97 ST-17 Designing a Questionnaire 101 Communicating Ideas ST-18 Freehand Sketching Techniques 103 ST-19 Sketching on Isometric Grid Paper 107 ST-20 Isometric Sketching on Plain Paper 109 ST-21 Sketching in Proportion 111 ST-22 Showing Surface Texture 113 ST-23 3-D Modeling with Cardboard 115 ST-24 Drawing to Scale 129 ST-25 Measuring Scale Drawings Conventional 131 ST-26 Measuring Scale Drawings Metric 133 ST-27 Reading Scale Drawings Conventional 135 ST-28 Reading Scale Drawings Metric 137 ST-29 Modeling with Foam Board 139 ST-30 Scaling Up Drawing Things Bigger 145 Materials ST-31 Using Wood Strip to Make a Flat Frame 147 ST-32 Making a 3-D Framework 149 ST-33 Laminating Thin Plywood 153 ST-34 Bending Sheet Metal 155 ST-35 Bending Acrylic 157 ST-36 Cutting and Shaping Thin Plywood 161 ST-37 Cutting and Shaping Thin Aluminum 163 ST-38 Cutting and Shaping Acrylic 165 ST-39 ST-40 Exploring Manufactured Boards 167 Exploring Knockdown Fittings 169 ST-41 Making a Wooden Candleholder 171 ST-42 Tools and Materials 173 ST-43 Paper Engineering Making a Box Fold 175 ST-44 Paper Engineering Making a Mouth Fold 179 ST-45 Paper Engineering Making a Slider 183 ST-46 Paper Engineering Making a Lift-Up Flap 185 ST-47 Paper Engineering Making a ST-48 Rotator 187 Recycling Materials to Make New Products 189 ST-49 Materials Cradle to Grave 191 ST-50 New Uses for Old Things 193 ST-51 Safety Managing Risk 195 Structures ST-52 How Trusses Work 197 ST-53 Making Structures Rigid 201 ST-54 Struts and Ties 203 ST-55 Natural and Human-Made Structures 205 ST-56 Forces Acting on Structures 207 ST-57 Using Beams in Structures 209 ST-58 Strengthening Beams 211 Machines and Transportation ST-59 Using Gears 213 ST-60 Exploring Animal Movements 217 ST-61 Levers All around Us 219 ST-62 Exploring Linkages 221 ST-63 Exploring Wheels and Axles 225 ST-64 Making a Cardboard Chassis 227 ST-65 Moments and Levers Conventional Measurements 229 ST-66 Moments and Levers Metric Measurements 231 ST-67 Investigating Pneumatics and Hydraulics Technology: Shaping Our World Student Activity Manual Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

5 Contents ST-68 Understanding Systems 237 ST-69 Systems and Subsystems 239 ST-70 Pneumatics One-Way Valves 241 ST-71 How Arm Robots Work 245 ST-72 Using Pulleys 247 ST-73 Using Cams 251 Electricity and Electronics ST-74 What Is a Circuit? 255 ST-75 Electric Quiz Board 257 ST-76 Building a Series Circuit 259 ST-77 Building a Parallel Circuit 261 ST-78 Investigating Resistance 263 ST-79 Reading Resistors 265 ST-80 Making a Reversing Switch 267 ST-81 Making a Membrane Panel Switch 271 ST-82 Drawing Circuit Diagrams 273 ST-83 Using Light Emitting Diodes 275 ST-84 Using Diodes 277 ST-85 Using Push-to-Make and Push-to-Break Switches 281 Information and Communication Technology ST-86 Using Desktop Publishing to Produce Instruction Sheets 283 ST-87 ST-88 Using the World Wide Web to Gather Information 285 Using Desktop Publishing to Produce Graphics 287 Biotechnology ST-89 Using MyPyramid 289 ST-90 Analyzing Food Labels 291 World of Work ST-91 Choosing a Career 295 ST-92 Investigating Résumés 297 ST-93 Using the World Wide Web to Investigate Career Opportunities 299 ST-94 Writing a Cover Letter 301 Learning from the Past, Predicting the Future ST-95 Technology in the News 303 ST-96 Noise Pollution 305 Evaluation EV-1 Evaluating the Final Product 309 EV-2 Unit Review 313 Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Technology: Shaping Our World Student Activity Manual 5

6 Introduction Technology is about the made world the clothes you wear, the buses and trains on which you travel, the home in which you live, and the electronics you use for entertainment. Technology education, the subject you study in school, is about learning to create change in the made world. It is about learning to design and make products, either for yourself or for someone else. It involves you making decisions as to how well your products, and those of other people, meet human needs without doing harm to the environment. In your technology education classes you will complete two types of tasks: Design and Make Activities and Support Tasks. A Design and Make Activity (DMA) requires you to design and make a product, system, or environment that is useful either to you or to other people. For example, your teacher may give you the following design brief: Design and make a controllable, battery-powered model vehicle for yourself or a special friend. The vehicle can be based on a real vehicle, on a vehicle from a book or a movie, or can be a fantasy vehicle developed from your own imagination. The appearance of the vehicle should appeal to the individual who will use it. Responding successfully to a design brief will require you to make a series of design decisions. You will also need to generate, develop and communicate your ideas, to make a product, and to evaluate both the product and your learning. When designing and making, you will sometimes work as an individual and sometimes as a member of a small team. A Support Task (ST) is a short activity in which you learn what you need to know in order to be successful at designing and making. Some Support Tasks teach you designing skills. Others teach you making skills, technical knowledge (e.g., mechanisms, structures, electronics) or an evaluation skill. You will complete several Support Tasks before you tackle each Design and Make Activity. Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Technology: Shaping Our World Student Activity Manual 7