PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION AS A CONDITION OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
|
|
- Shanon O’Neal’
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Szpor G., (211). Personal data protection as a condition of development of spatial information system. In: D. Kereković, R. Źróbek (ed.). The Future with GIS. Croatian Information Technology Association GIS Forum, University of Silesia, Zagreb, PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION AS A CONDITION OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM Grażyna Szpor Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Faculty of Law and Administration Wóycickiego 1/3, bl. 17, Warsaw, Poland grazyna.szpor@gmail.com 1. Introductory remarks Member states of the European Union have become quite advanced in terms of e-services on offer, in particular due to the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy 47. However, the level of actual use made of these e-services is considered unsatisfactory. It has been observed that the development of information systems, and the interoperability of these systems, generate a sense of threat and anxiety related to potential wrongful use of personal data stored within these systems. The resulting mistrust towards e-services discourages a significant proportion of EU citizens from using them, and consequently becomes a barrier to economic development. Public authorities have undertaken numerous measures to ensure adequate protection of EU citizens personal data 48. However, given the extent of globalisation, the effectiveness of these measures under the current legal regime is limited. A need arises to balance the interest of businesses, the public interest and the interest of persons whose data are processed within spatial information systems. The activity of personal data protection authorities in determining the conditions of the national segments of Google Street View provides a good illustration of such a balancing process. Communication of the European Commission 49 heralds a complex reform of personal data protection, including protection with regard to geo-information and geo-location, and outlines the changes to come. The new European strategy strengthens the rights of individuals whose data are processed, thus contributing to an increase in acceptance of e-services. 2. Digitizing services in European Union. Digitizing Public Services in Europe: Putting ambition into action 9th Benchmark Measurement 5 indicates high availiability and sofistication e- services in EU Member States. 47 Europe - An information society for all - Communication on a Commission initiative for the special European Council of Lisbon, 23 and 24 March 2 / COM/99/687 final/ 48 Ochrona danych osobowych. Skuteczność regulacji. Reg. G. Szpor. Municipium. Warszawa Communication from The Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A comprehensive approach on personal data protection in the European Union Brussels, COM(21) 69 final 5 Digitizing Public Services in Europe: Putting ambition into action 9th Benchmark Measurement I December 21 Prepared by Capgemini, IDC, Rand Europe, Sogeti and DTi for: European Commission, Directorate General for Information Society and Media
2 Geo-information is an important component of numerous decision-making processes. Nonetheless, among the 2 types of e-services that the Commission has been monitoring for the last decade, only 2 pertain directly to spatial information: Application for building permission and Environment-related permits. Average sophistication scores by services and levels (s. 62) Level Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Application for building permission Environmentrelated permits Level 5a Level 5b 172
3 Spatial information infrastructure has been developing under the INSPIRE directive that places emphasis on interoperability of the systems. In order for this infrastructure to be used to its full potential, other public e-services that are monitored for the Commission are of importance. This includes, for example: Passports, Submission of data to statistical Office, Car registration, czy Announcement of moving 51 Full Online Availability: FOA 21 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU Passports Car registration Announcem ent of moving Submission of data to statistical offices HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK IS NO CH HR TR Threshold Av Benchmarking indicates that the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy has been successful. However, member states are ranked and held accountable by the Commission on the basis of criteria that favour digital administrative procedures over satisfaction of actual broadly diagnosed needs of individual and businesses. This seems to affect adversely the effectiveness of public money investment in the European Union in terms of geographic information systems and the competitiveness of these systems with those offered by American entities. This hypothesis is easily verified by comparing the rates of usage of national geo-portals with those of Google Maps, Google Earth and Google Street View. This in turn impacts the ability of European businesses to create and offer more advanced services. 3. Mistrust towards personal data processing in e-services Implementation of public e-services and the development of e-business (particularly in its trans-border dimension) are perceived as insufficient. This assessment is reflected in the Digital Agenda, one of the 7 fundamental documents of the Europe strategy, as well as in the Communication on Cross- Border Business to Consumer e-commerce in the EU 53 and Eurostat research. The main reasons of the 51 egovernment benchmark report - 21 data COM (29)
4 status quo have been identified as: missing perception of need for such services, low level of IT knowledge, financial reasons, and mistrust towards new solutions. Results of Eurobarometer research on attitudes to data protection and electronic identity in the EU 54, published by the Commission in June 211, also indicate that acceptance of the Internet is limited. The reader may recall that 66% of European interviewees use the Internet, 39% shop online, 34% use social networking sites (p.39). Internet users were asked which activities they undertook on the Internet: 6% purchase goods or services online, 52% use a social networking site (p. 8). 55 Those interviewees who had always or sometimes experienced unnecessary disclosure of personal information when obtaining access to or using an online service were then asked how concerned they were about such cases. 72% of these respondents were very or fairly concerned (p. 54). About 7% of the Europeans interviewed trust national public authorities, 55% European institutions, 62% banks and financial institutions. Only the little part of the Europeans trust shops and department stores (39%); phone companies, mobile phone companies and Internet service providers (32%); and Internet companies (22%) (p. 138). The ranking of respondents risk perceptions is the same for social networking or sharing sites as for shopping online, with the exception of being the victim of fraud: this item is the second most important risk associated with social networking but the most important risk in the case of shopping online (41% versus 55%). Around 44% respondents, for both social networking and shopping, mention your information being used without your knowledge (p. 56). Respondents who use the Internet were asked whether they usually read privacy statements on the Internet. 58% respondents say they do, 34% say that they read and understand them, 24% that they read them but do not fully understand them, 25% say they do not read them, 8% ignore privacy statements, and 5% say they do not know where to find them (p. 112). Approximately 42% European Internet users apply tools and strategies to limit spam and 22% of the Internet users change the security settings of their browser to increase privacy (p. 16). A majority feel they have some control (78%). Of the interviewees who feel in control, two-thirds feel they have only partial control (p. 127), 75% of Internet users want to delete this information whenever they decide to do so (p. 158) and 74% say their approval should be required in all cases (p. 148) To protect their identity in daily life, a majority (62%) of Europeans give the minimum required information (p. 1). 174
5 About 9% of the Europeans surveyed (9%) think it is important for them to have the same rights and protection over their personal information, regardless of the EU country in which it is collected and processed (p. 181). 4. Control of data protection in global geographic information systems The Internet makes it much easier for data controllers established outside the EU to provide services from a distance and to process personal data in the online environment. It is often difficult to determine the location of personal data and of equipment used at any given time. The fact that the processing is carried out by a data controller established in a third country should not deprive individuals of the protection to which they are entitled under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and EU data protection legislation. One of the means of enabling the transfer of personal data outside the EU and the EU area is the socalled adequacy assessment. Currently, the adequacy of a third country, whether a third country ensures a level of protection that the EU considers as adequate may be determined by the Commission and by MS. The effect of a Commission adequacy finding is that personal data can freely flow from the 27 EU Member States and the three EEA member countries to that third country without any further safeguard being necessary. In some Member States adequacy is assessed in the first instance by the data controller which itself transfers personal data to a third country, sometimes under the ex-post supervision of the data protection supervisory authority. This situation may lead to different approaches to assessing the level of adequacy of third countries, or international organisations, and involves the risk that the level of protection of data subjects provided for in a third country is judged differently from one Member State to another. The American corporation Google Inc. has implemented and started offering in many countries worldwide a service called Google Street View. The service provides a possibility, free of charge, to see the actual image of specific places, namely buildings and streets, together with vehicle and pedestrian traffic. The service is tied in with Google Maps and Google Earth, both offering access to two-dimensional maps and satellite photographs. According to the corporation that offers the service, Google Street View may be useful in promoting tourism, in pinpointing shopping or meeting locations, as well as in supporting prospective tenants and homebuyers in property-related searches. The panoramic photographs that Google Street View uses are taken by a number of cameras mounted on the roofs of vehicles that drive in regular street traffic. The images are first stored onboard of these vehicles, and subsequently sent to Google Inc. headquarters in the USA, where image selection and technical processing occurs. In the processing, the faces of individuals and licence plates of vehicles are blurred out (pixelated). In some countries, such as Canada, France and Germany, public authorities have set specific requirements that Google Inc. has agreed to comply with. The German legal doctrine has agreed to the following with regard to the creation and distribution of images in Google Street View. Firstly, is falls under German law. Secondly, it cannot use the media privilege, since its aim is a neutral reflection of reality, rather than a selection of information for media and journalistic purposes. Thirdly, Google Street View makes use of personal data, i.e. images of individuals and items that can be connected to individuals. Overall, it is accepted in German doctrine that all data would qualify as personal data (through the property right link) if any indirect link to an individual were sufficient to classify it as such. Therefore, certain limitations have been proposed, namely to only classify as personal data the data that characterises the given item in connection with a person, e.g. carrying information on the location, type of building and regulations pertaining to use of buildings. In contrast, soil samples, building statistics or layout of wires and installations would fall outside of these limitations. German Federal Constitutional Court ruled that privacy of space protects what is invisible to the public eye, and that aerial images are subject to protection regulations if a description of the road and data on identity of inhabitants are accessible in addition to the images. 56 With regard to implementation of Google Street View in Germany, Indra Spieker claimed that the interest of individuals whose data are being processed clearly outweighs the interest of these data s 56 I. Spieker gen. Dohmann, Prywatny pomiar świata jako problem ochrony danych osobowych. O obchodzeniu się z informacją przestrzenną na przykładzie Gogle Street View. [In:] Internet. Protection of freedom, property and security. Ed. G. Szpor. Warszawa 211, p
6 administrator. For this reason, panoramic images are to be capped at 2 meters high and are to contain no faces or licence plates. Furthermore, the images are to contain small buildings only in the case if these buildings, due to their location, are often observed anyway, and to contain images of larger multi-family buildings only if they are not, by any special characteristics, distinguishable from others in the street. The special requirements for Germany that Google Inc. has accepted include an obligation on the part of the corporation to offer procedures for lodging an objection and for demanding that a building be removed from the images, or for a building to be made unrecognizable. Moreover, unprocessed data with faces, licence plates and buildings with regard to which objections have been lodged are to be deleted as soon as possible. Compliance with this requirements remains however beyond outside control. It is the intention of Google Inc. to make accessible online, before Euro 212, panoramic images of streets of Poland s biggest cities in which the championship games are to be held: Warsaw, Gdansk, Krakow, Poznan and Wroclaw. The Polish Inspector General for the Protection of Personal Data (Generalny Inspektor Ochrony Danych Osobowych GIODO) has taken steps to ensure that this service does not infringe upon the right to privacy and personal data protection. Before the commencement of work on the project, Google Poland Sp. z o.o. (the local subsidiary of Google Inc.) submitted to GIODO plans pertaining to the extension of online maps of Poland by means of the Google Street View function. After two months of consultations and analyses, GIODO has established the ground rules for the project. In line with GIODO s instructions, the corporation has agreed to notify the public of the photographs being taken in a manner that allows everyone to exercise the right to protect their privacy; the information must therefore be given with due notice. Faces of individuals and licence plates of vehicles are to be blurred out before the images are published online. Moreover, GIODO requires that the images be taken from no more than 3 meters above street level. The imagetaking vehicles must be clearly marked, to enable passer-bys to recognize them easily. Inspectors from the Bureau of GIODO tested in May 211 whether the above conditions were being met and whether the data processing was carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Protection of Personal Data (and also in accordance with the regulation of Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration of 29 April 24 on documentation of personal data processing and on technical and organisational requirements for devices and information systems for personal data processing). The inspectors investigated the types of data collected during the production of photographic images. They also checked whether the Google Street View vehicles collected data on the internal structure of buildings and on wireless networks in the buildings. The inspection revealed a number of problems, most of them formal in nature. Firstly, contrary to the requirements of the Act on the Protection of Personal Data, the corporation failed to appoint an administrator of information security, who would supervise compliance with the regulations pertaining to proper protection of personal data. Secondly, the drivers of Google s vehicles that carried the cameras for Google Street View image collection were not holders of authorisation for personal data processing, again contrary to legal regulations. Such authorisation is necessary for the drivers because they have access to the full data collected in the process: they see a control image, consisting of 15 component images, with resolution that allows them to evaluate the quality and adequacy of images taken. Moreover, they are responsible for the safety of the hard disks on which the images are stored. GIODO decided that the drivers participate in personal data processing. Consequently, the administrator of the data is obliged to equip them with authorisation to process the data, and to enter the drivers into the obligatory register of persons authorised to carry out personal data processing. Moreover, the inspectors discovered that the corporation had a security policy in place, as well as an instruction on the management of the IT system that processes personal data. However, these documents did not contain a list of buildings, premises or parts of premises where the data processing takes place. They also did not specify how the data are transferred between the various systems. Measures introduced by the member states, such as the ones presented above, must be appreciated. However, it must also ne noted that their effectiveness is limited. Data processing is globalised and calls for the development of universal principles for the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. 176
7 4. A comprehensive approach on personal data protection in the European Union Communication from The Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A comprehensive approach on personal data protection in the European Union, 57 speaks about milestones in the history of the protection of personal data in the EU, 58 and about new challenges for the protection of personal data, which bring rapid technological developments and globalization. 59 The ways of collecting personal data have become increasingly elaborated and less easily detectable. For example, the growing use of procedures allowing automatic data collection, such as electronic transport ticketing, road toll collecting, or of geo-location devices make it easier to determine the location of individuals simply because they use a mobile device. In the Communication lay down the Commission's approach for modernizing the EU legal system for the protection of personal data in all areas of the Union s activities. Key objectives of the comprehensive approach on data protection are: 2.1. Strengthening individuals' rights Ensuring appropriate protection for individuals in all circumstances Increasing transparency for data subjects Enhancing control over one's own data Raising awareness Ensuring informed and free consent Protecting sensitive data Making remedies and sanctions more effective 2.2. Enhancing the internal market dimension Increasing legal certainty and providing a level playing field for data controllers Reducing the administrative burden Clarifying the rules on applicable law and Member States' responsibility Enhancing data controllers' responsibility Encouraging self-regulatory initiatives and exploring EU certification schemes 2.3. Revising the data protection rules in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters 2.4. The global dimension of data protection Clarifying and simplifying the rules for international data transfers Promoting universal principles 2.5. A stronger institutional arrangement for better enforcement of data protection rules The reform employs a complex approach, expressed e.g. in the fact that emphasis is put on personal data processing rather than its protection. Regulation of personal data processing on the Internet is 57 Brussels, COM(21) 69 final 58 The 1995 Data Protection Directive enshrines two of the oldest and equally important ambitions of the European integration process: the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals and in particular the fundamental right to data protection, on the one hand, and the achievement of the internal market the free flow of personal data in this case on the other. 59 Today technology allows individuals to share information about their behaviour and preferences easily and make it publicly and globally available on an unprecedented scale. Social networking sites, with hundreds of millions of members spread across the globe, Cloud computing (Internet-based computing whereby software, shared resources and information are on remote servers in the cloud ) may involve the loss of individuals' control over their potentially sensitive information when they store their data with programs hosted on someone else's hardware, the use of sophisticated tools allows economic operators to better target individuals thanks to the monitoring of their behaviour, the public authorities use more personal data for various purposes, as part of their e-government applications 6 The Commission will examine how to revise and clarify the existing provisions on applicable law, including the current determining criteria, in order to improve legal certainty, clarify Member States' responsibility for applying data protection rules and ultimately provide for the same degree of protection of EU data subjects, regardless of the geographic location of the data controller. 61 One of the means of enabling the transfer of personal data outside the EU and the EEA area is the so-called adequacy assessment. The exact requirements for recognition of adequacy by the Commission are currently not specified in satisfactory detail in the Data Protection Directive. In addition, the Framework Decision does not provide for such a decision by the Commission 177
8 currently becoming the main point of focus. It reduces the potential for negative outcomes for the individuals whose data are processed so as to keep the risks at a minimal level, where they no longer discourage e-inclusion and where they promote e-business solutions. European Commission has declared that drafts of specific pertinent regulations will become available before the end of 211. In conclusion, when outlining the way forward it is noted that: At the end of the reform process, Europe's data protection rules should continue to guarantee a high level of protection and provide legal certainty to individuals, public administrations and businesses in the internal market alike for several generations. No matter how complex the situation or how sophisticated the technology, clarity must exist on the applicable rules and standards that national authorities have to enforce and that businesses and technology developers must comply with. Individuals should also have clarity about the rights they enjoy. This pertains fully and completely also to personal data processed within spatial information systems. 178
What does the revision of the OECD Privacy Guidelines mean for businesses?
m lex A B E X T R A What does the revision of the OECD Privacy Guidelines mean for businesses? The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) has long recognized the importance of privacy
More information(Non-legislative acts) DECISIONS
4.12.2010 Official Journal of the European Union L 319/1 II (Non-legislative acts) DECISIONS COMMISSION DECISION of 9 November 2010 on modules for the procedures for assessment of conformity, suitability
More informationSUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
EN EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 30.6.2010 SEC(2010) 797 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Accompanying document to the Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on the translation
More informationPublishing date: 23/07/2015 Document title: We appreciate your feedback. Share this document
Publishing date: 23/07/2015 Document title: We appreciate your feedback Please click on the icon to take a 5 online survey and provide your feedback about this document Share this document REPORT ON UNIT
More informationCommon Communication on the representation of new types of trade marks
Common Communication on the representation of new types of trade marks 1 Common Communication on the representation of new types of trade marks 1. Introduction Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European
More information(Non-legislative acts) REGULATIONS
19.11.2013 Official Journal of the European Union L 309/1 II (Non-legislative acts) REGULATIONS COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 911/2010
More informationScience, research and innovation performance of the EU 2018
Science, research and innovation performance of the EU 2018 Román ARJONA Strengthening Beñat BILBAO-OSORIO the foundations for DG Europe's's Research & future Innovation European Commission Madrid, 15
More informationUNIVERSAL SERVICE PRINCIPLES IN E-COMMUNICATIONS
UNIVERSAL SERVICE PRINCIPLES IN E-COMMUNICATIONS BEUC paper EC register for interest representatives: identification number 9505781573-45 100% broadband coverage by 2013 ICT services have become central
More informationINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SME SCOREBOARD 2016
www.euipo.europa.eu INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SME SCOREBOARD 2016 Executive Summary JUNE 2016 www.euipo.europa.eu INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SME SCOREBOARD 2016 Commissioned to GfK Belgium by the European
More informationINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SME SCOREBOARD 2016
www.euipo.europa.eu INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SME SCOREBOARD 2016 Executive Summary JUNE 2016 www.euipo.europa.eu INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SME SCOREBOARD 2016 Commissioned to GfK Belgium by the European
More informationHORIZON Presentation at Manufuture Perspectives on Industrial Technologies in Horizon 2020 and Beyond
The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020 Perspectives on Industrial Technologies in Horizon 2020 and Beyond Presentation at Manufuture 2017 Seán O'Reagain Deputy Head of Unit
More informationMarie Curie Actions FP7 and Horizon 2020
Marie Curie Actions FP7 and Horizon 2020 Przemyslaw JANKOWSKI European Commission Directorate-General for Marie Curie Actions Unit FP7 7th Framework Programme for Research Budget The 7th Framework Programme
More informationDESI Digital Economy and Society Index
DESI Digital Economy and Society Index Alexandre Mateus Unit F4 European Semester and Knowledge Base DG Connect Introduction The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) measures progress of EU countries
More informationRECOMMENDATIONS. COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION (EU) 2018/790 of 25 April 2018 on access to and preservation of scientific information
L 134/12 RECOMMDATIONS COMMISSION RECOMMDATION (EU) 2018/790 of 25 April 2018 on access to and preservation of scientific information THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning
More informationICC POSITION ON LEGITIMATE INTERESTS
ICC POSITION ON LEGITIMATE INTERESTS POLICY STATEMENT Prepared by the ICC Commission on the Digital Economy Summary and highlights This statement outlines the International Chamber of Commerce s (ICC)
More informationPresentation of the SME Performance Review 2015/2016
Presentation of the SME Performance Review 2015/2016 European Economic and Social Committee Group III SMEs, Crafts and the Professions Category 2 December 2016 Brussels Ludger Odenthal H.1 - COSME Programme,
More informationHaving regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 16 thereof,
Opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor on the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2006/126/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
More informationESSnet on Data Collection for Social Surveys Using Multi Modes (DCSS)
ESSnet on Data Collection for Social Surveys Using Multi Modes (DCSS) ESSnet Workshop 2014 Valencia, Spain 23 24 January 2014 karen.blanke@destatis.de Outline 1. Background and key aims 2. Challenges 3.
More informationWOMEN IN PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES REGION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
WOMEN IN PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES REGION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Prof. Dalia Satkovskiene University of Vilnius Lithuania APS March Meeting 2008.03.13 1 Contents INTRODUCTION The PROBLEM SOLUTION:
More informationEuropean R&D and innovation policy: state of the art and perspectives
INGINEUS meeting Cape Town, 1-3 September 2010 European R&D and innovation policy: state of the art and perspectives Domenico ROSSETTI European Commission, DG Research* Domenico.Rossetti-di-Valdalbero@ec.europa.eu
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL TAXATION AND CUSTOMS UNION Indirect Taxation and Tax administration Indirect taxes other than VAT
OPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL TAXATION AND CUSTOMS UNION Indirect Taxation and Tax administration Indirect taxes other than VAT July 2018 EXCISE DUTY TABLES (Tax receipts Manufactured Tobacco) Can
More informationWhat We Heard Report Inspection Modernization: The Case for Change Consultation from June 1 to July 31, 2012
What We Heard Report Inspection Modernization: The Case for Change Consultation from June 1 to July 31, 2012 What We Heard Report: The Case for Change 1 Report of What We Heard: The Case for Change Consultation
More informationCOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 9 December 2008 (16.12) (OR. fr) 16767/08 RECH 410 COMPET 550
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 9 December 2008 (16.12) (OR. fr) 16767/08 RECH 410 COMPET 550 OUTCOME OF PROCEEDINGS of: Competitiveness Council on 1 and 2 December 2008 No. prev. doc. 16012/08
More informationOcean Energy Europe Privacy Policy
Ocean Energy Europe Privacy Policy 1. General 1.1 This is the privacy policy of Ocean Energy Europe AISBL, a non-profit association with registered offices in Belgium at 1040 Brussels, Rue d Arlon 63,
More informationPolish Science Database (BWNP)
Warsaw, 24 May 2018 POLISH SCIENCE DATABASE Mandatory information to be provided under Articles 13 and 14 of the GDPR PERSONAL DATA OF SCHOLARS AND INDIVIDUALS SUBMITTING SUCH DATA FOR THE Polish Science
More informationAt its meeting on 18 May 2016, the Permanent Representatives Committee noted the unanimous agreement on the above conclusions.
Council of the European Union Brussels, 19 May 2016 (OR. en) 9008/16 NOTE CULT 42 AUDIO 61 DIGIT 52 TELECOM 83 PI 58 From: Permanent Representatives Committee (Part 1) To: Council No. prev. doc.: 8460/16
More informationSubmission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into Intellectual Property Arrangements
Submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into Intellectual Property Arrangements DECEMBER 2015 Business Council of Australia December 2015 1 Contents About this submission 2 Key recommendations
More informationProposal for a COUNCIL DECISION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 23.5.2017 COM(2017) 273 final 2017/0110 (NLE) Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted, on behalf of the European Union, in the European Committee for
More informationFiscal 2007 Environmental Technology Verification Pilot Program Implementation Guidelines
Fifth Edition Fiscal 2007 Environmental Technology Verification Pilot Program Implementation Guidelines April 2007 Ministry of the Environment, Japan First Edition: June 2003 Second Edition: May 2004 Third
More informationclarify the roles of the Department and minerals industry in consultation; and
Procedures for Crown Consultation with Aboriginal Communities on Mineral Exploration Mineral Resources Division, Manitoba Science, Technology, Energy and Mines The Government of Manitoba recognizes it
More informationCOMMISSION RECOMMENDATION. of on access to and preservation of scientific information. {SWD(2012) 221 final} {SWD(2012) 222 final}
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 17.7.2012 C(2012) 4890 final COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 17.7.2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information {SWD(2012) 221 final} {SWD(2012) 222 final} EN
More informationthe EU framework programme for research and innovation
the EU framework programme for research and innovation Alessandro Barbagli CIP ICT NCP Infoday - Roma, 13 January 2012 The Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020: Commission s proposals of 29 June 2011
More informationMINISTRY OF HEALTH STAGE PROBITY REPORT. 26 July 2016
MINISTRY OF HEALTH Request For Solution Outline (RFSO) Social Bonds Pilot Scheme STAGE PROBITY REPORT 26 July 2016 TressCox Lawyers Level 16, MLC Centre, 19 Martin Place, Sydney NSW 2000 Postal Address:
More informationDetails of the Proposal
Details of the Proposal Draft Model to Address the GDPR submitted by Coalition for Online Accountability This document addresses how the proposed model submitted by the Coalition for Online Accountability
More informationCommunicating Framework Programme 7. European Commission Research DG Pablo AMOR
Communicating Framework Programme 7 European Commission Research DG Pablo AMOR Launching FP7 Conference for Information Multipliers Brussels, 7-8 February 2007 Information on European research Web Press
More informationTOOL #21. RESEARCH & INNOVATION
TOOL #21. RESEARCH & INNOVATION 1. INTRODUCTION This research and innovation Tool provides clear guidelines for analysing the interaction between new or revised EU legislation (including spending programmes)
More informationOur position. ICDPPC declaration on ethics and data protection in artificial intelligence
ICDPPC declaration on ethics and data protection in artificial intelligence AmCham EU speaks for American companies committed to Europe on trade, investment and competitiveness issues. It aims to ensure
More informationComments from CEN CENELEC on COM(2010) 245 of 19 May 2010 on "A Digital Agenda for Europe"
Comments from CEN CENELEC on COM(2010) 245 of 19 May 2010 on "A Digital Agenda for Europe" Agreed by CEN and CENELEC Members following a written consultation process 1 European standardization to support
More informationARTICLE 29 Data Protection Working Party
ARTICLE 29 Data Protection Working Party Brussels, 10 April 2017 Hans Graux Project editor of the draft Code of Conduct on privacy for mobile health applications By e-mail: hans.graux@timelex.eu Dear Mr
More informationSession 1, Part 2: Emerging issues in e-commerce Australian experiences of privacy and consumer protection regulation
2013/ SOM3/CTI/WKSP1/007 Australian Experiences of Privacy and Consumer Protection Regulation Submitted by: Australia Workshop on Building and Enhancing FTA Negotiation Skills on e-commerce Medan, Indonesia
More information15 August Office of the Secretary PCAOB 1666 K Street, NW Washington, DC USA
15 August 2016 Office of the Secretary PCAOB 1666 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006-2803 USA submitted via email to comments@pcaobus.org PCAOB Release No. 2016-003, PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 034
More informationSATELLITE NETWORK NOTIFICATION AND COORDINATION REGULATIONS 2007 BR 94/2007
BR 94/2007 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT 1986 1986 : 35 SATELLITE NETWORK NOTIFICATION AND COORDINATION ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS 1 Citation 2 Interpretation 3 Purpose 4 Requirement for licence 5 Submission
More informationCouncil of the European Union Brussels, 10 November 2016 (OR. en)
Council of the European Union Brussels, 10 November 2016 (OR. en) 14131/16 NOTE From: To: Presidency Permanent Representatives Committee RECH 306 EDUC 355 SOC 675 COMPET 563 No. prev. doc.: 13474/16 RECH
More informationConsultation on the licensing of spectrum in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands
Consultation on the licensing of spectrum in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands 22 October 2015 Contents 1. Introduction... 3 1.1 Request for spectrum in the 800MHz and 900MHz bands... 3 1.2 Consultation structure...
More informationUNITED INTERNET. Business Applications Strategic Partnership with Warburg Pincus. November 8, Investor Presentation November 8, 2016
UNITED INTERNET Business Applications Strategic Partnership with Warburg Pincus November 8, 2016 1 Investor Presentation November 8, 2016 1&1 INTERNET SE WITHIN UNITED INTERNET GROUP WP XII Venture Holdings
More informationThe new GDPR legislative changes & solutions for online marketing
TRUSTED PRIVACY The new GDPR legislative changes & solutions for online marketing IAB Forum 2016 29/30th of November 2016, Milano Prof. Dr. Christoph Bauer, GmbH Who we are and what we do Your partner
More informationCommonwealth Data Forum. Giovanni Buttarelli
21 February 2018 Commonwealth Data Forum Giovanni Buttarelli Thank you, Michael, for your kind introduction. Thank you also to the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation and the Government of Gibraltar
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES MALTA REPORT
AN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES MALTA REPORT Malta Environment & Planning Authority May 2007 AN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE
More informationHOW EARTO CAN SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS IN EUROPE
HOW EARTO CAN SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS IN EUROPE CASE: JOŽEF STEFAN INSTITUTE - 10 YEARS IN EARTO JADRAN LENARČIČ DIRECTOR JOŽEF STEFAN INSTITUTE EARTO BOARD MEMBER More than 350
More informationThe General Data Protection Regulation
The General Data Protection Regulation Advice to Justice and Home Affairs Ministers Executive Summary Market, opinion and social research is an essential tool for evidence based decision making and policy.
More informationEU Research Integrity Initiative
EU Research Integrity Initiative PROMOTING RESEARCH INTEGRITY IS A WIN-WIN POLICY Adherence to the highest level of integrity is in the interest of all the key actors of the research and innovation system:
More informationRe: Examination Guideline: Patentability of Inventions involving Computer Programs
Lumley House 3-11 Hunter Street PO Box 1925 Wellington 6001 New Zealand Tel: 04 496-6555 Fax: 04 496-6550 www.businessnz.org.nz 14 March 2011 Computer Program Examination Guidelines Ministry of Economic
More informationEnforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Frequently Asked Questions
EUROPEAN COMMISSION MEMO Brussels/Strasbourg, 1 July 2014 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Frequently Asked Questions See also IP/14/760 I. EU Action Plan on enforcement of Intellectual Property
More informationUser Manual for 24 GHz Blind-Spot Radar Sensor
User Manual for 24 GHz Blind-Spot Radar Sensor SRR2-A Department: 1 of 13 AUTHORS Name Organisation Section Frank Gruson Continental, Frequency Management WW Issue Document Date of Issue Document Owner
More informationFreedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) Decision notice
Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) Decision notice Date: 21 June 2017 Public Authority: Address: NHS Guildford and Waverley Clinical Commissioning Group 3 rd Floor Dominion House Woodbridge Road Guildford
More informationIP KEY SOUTH EAST ASIA ANNUAL WORK PLAN FOR 2018
ANNUAL WORK PLAN FOR 2018 IP KEY SOUTH EAST ASIA ANNUAL WORK PLAN FOR 2018 IP Key South East Asia is an EU Project designed to support the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) talks and Intellectual Property Dialogues
More informationJacek Stanisław Jóźwiak. Improving the System of Quality Management in the development of the competitive potential of Polish armament companies
Jacek Stanisław Jóźwiak Improving the System of Quality Management in the development of the competitive potential of Polish armament companies Summary of doctoral thesis Supervisor: dr hab. Piotr Bartkowiak,
More informationExtract of Advance copy of the Report of the International Conference on Chemicals Management on the work of its second session
Extract of Advance copy of the Report of the International Conference on Chemicals Management on the work of its second session Resolution II/4 on Emerging policy issues A Introduction Recognizing the
More informationProposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 13.6.2013 COM(2013) 316 final 2013/0165 (COD) Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment
More informationThe ALA and ARL Position on Access and Digital Preservation: A Response to the Section 108 Study Group
The ALA and ARL Position on Access and Digital Preservation: A Response to the Section 108 Study Group Introduction In response to issues raised by initiatives such as the National Digital Information
More informationSelf regulation applied to interactive games : success and challenges
SPEECH/07/429 Viviane Reding Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society and Media Self regulation applied to interactive games : success and challenges ISFE Expert Conference
More informationPosition Paper.
Position Paper Brussels, 30 September 2010 ORGALIME OPINION ON THE POSITION OF THE COUNCIL AT FIRST READING WITH A VIEW TO THE ADOPTION OF A REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING
More informationGlobal Standards Symposium. Security, privacy and trust in standardisation. ICDPPC Chair John Edwards. 24 October 2016
Global Standards Symposium Security, privacy and trust in standardisation ICDPPC Chair John Edwards 24 October 2016 CANCUN DECLARATION At the OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Digital Economy in Cancun in
More informationPrivacy Policy SOP-031
SOP-031 Version: 2.0 Effective Date: 18-Nov-2013 Table of Contents 1. DOCUMENT HISTORY...3 2. APPROVAL STATEMENT...3 3. PURPOSE...4 4. SCOPE...4 5. ABBREVIATIONS...5 6. PROCEDURES...5 6.1 COLLECTION OF
More informationArtificial Intelligence (AI) and Patents in the European Union
Prüfer & Partner Patent Attorneys Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Patents in the European Union EU-Japan Center, Tokyo, September 28, 2017 Dr. Christian Einsel European Patent Attorney, Patentanwalt Prüfer
More informationImplementation of Directive 2010/63/EU: - the animal welfare perspective
Animal experimentation Implementation of Directive 2010/63/EU: - the animal welfare perspective Kirsty Reid Scientific Officer Research Animals Eurogroup for Animals @KirstyEG4A 21 st May 2015 312 th session
More informationBUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION QUALITY GUIDELINES
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION QUALITY GUIDELINES Draft Guidelines for Ensuring and Maximizing the Quality, Objectivity, Utility, and Integrity of Information Disseminated by the Bureau of Land
More informationCOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 19 May 2014 (OR. en) 9879/14 Interinstitutional File: 2013/0165 (COD) ENT 123 MI 428 CODEC 1299
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 19 May 2014 (OR. en) 9879/14 Interinstitutional File: 2013/0165 (COD) T 123 MI 428 CODEC 1299 NOTE From: To: General Secretariat of the Council Council No. prev.
More informationSpectrum Release Plan
Spectrum Release Plan Schedule of Future Frequency Awards NON-BINDING TRANSLATION Vienna, December 2016 1 Introduction... 3 2 Spectrum Release Plan... 5 3 Background of the Spectrum Release Plan... 6 3.1
More informationDATA PROTECTION POLICY
DATA PROTECTION POLICY in connection with the processing of personal data regarding the development and testing of AI applications at AImotive Kft. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction and the purpose and
More informationSpectrum Management Fundamentals
Spectrum Management Fundamentals Part 2 Version 3 National Spectrum Management Spectrum Management Goals Establishing a Management Framework Spectrum Management processes are established in a framework
More informationGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CMC SERVICES
STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATION No.1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CMC SERVICES MAY 2007 FOREWORD (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, property and the
More informationOutdoing Huxley: Forging a high level of data protection for Europe in the brave new digital world
SPEECH/ Viviane Reding Vice-President of the European Commission, EU Justice Commissioner Outdoing Huxley: Forging a high level of data protection for Europe in the brave new digital world Digital Enlightenment
More informationREPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MEMORY OF THE WORLD IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DIGITIZATION AND PRESERVATION OUTLINE
37th Session, Paris, 2013 inf Information document 37 C/INF.15 6 August 2013 English and French only REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MEMORY OF THE WORLD IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DIGITIZATION AND PRESERVATION
More informationA Research and Innovation Agenda for a global Europe: Priorities and Opportunities for the 9 th Framework Programme
A Research and Innovation Agenda for a global Europe: Priorities and Opportunities for the 9 th Framework Programme A Position Paper by the Young European Research Universities Network About YERUN The
More informationOFSET. Organization for Free Software in Education and Teaching. Bagneux, March 31, Our answer to the EU consultation on patents in Europe
OFSET Organization for Free Software in Education and Teaching Bagneux, March 31, 2006 Our answer to the EU consultation on patents in Europe 1.1 Do you agree that these are the basic features required
More informationUEAPME Think Small Test
Think Small Test and Small Business Act Implementation Scoreboard Study Unit Brussels, 6 November 2012 1. Introduction The Small Business Act (SBA) was approved in December 2008, laying out seven concrete
More informationCOMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. pursuant to Article 294(6) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 9.3.2017 COM(2017) 129 final 2012/0266 (COD) COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT pursuant to Article 294(6) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the
More informationAustralian Census 2016 and Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
http://www.privacy.org.au Secretary@privacy.org.au http://www.privacy.org.au/about/contacts.html 12 February 2016 Mr David Kalisch Australian Statistician Australian Bureau of Statistics Locked Bag 10,
More informationColumba oenas. Report under the Article 12 of the Birds Directive Period Annex I International action plan. No No
Period 2008-2012 European Environment Agency European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity Annex I International action plan No No Stock Dove,, is a species of pigeon found in cropland and woodland and
More informationEFRAG s Draft letter to the European Commission regarding endorsement of Definition of Material (Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8)
EFRAG s Draft letter to the European Commission regarding endorsement of Olivier Guersent Director General, Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union European Commission 1049 Brussels
More informationBuilding DIGITAL TRUST People s Plan for Digital: A discussion paper
Building DIGITAL TRUST People s Plan for Digital: A discussion paper We want Britain to be the world s most advanced digital society. But that won t happen unless the digital world is a world of trust.
More informationResearch Specification: understanding consumer experience of first tier complaints
Research Specification: understanding consumer experience of first tier complaints Purpose To gain an understanding of consumers experience of first-tier complaints handling by approved persons. This includes:
More informationAdvancing Europe s digital future
Advancing Europe s digital future Digital Headlines Digital Single Market LEGAL NOTICE By the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology. Neither the European
More informationIAB Europe Guidance THE DEFINITION OF PERSONAL DATA. IAB Europe GDPR Implementation Working Group WHITE PAPER
IAB Europe Guidance WHITE PAPER THE DEFINITION OF PERSONAL DATA Five Practical Steps to help companies comply with the E-Privacy Working Directive Paper 02/2017 IAB Europe GDPR Implementation Working Group
More informationSection 1: Internet Governance Principles
Internet Governance Principles and Roadmap for the Further Evolution of the Internet Governance Ecosystem Submission to the NetMundial Global Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance Sao Paolo, Brazil,
More informationThe ESA SME Initiative
The ESA SME Initiative J. Kauffmann 22/03/2017 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Outline European Space Agency ESA Industrial Policy ESA SME Policy SME Initiative Opportunities ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For
More informationPGNiG. Code. of Responsible Gas and Oil Production
PGNiG Code of Responsible Gas and Oil Production The Code of Responsible Gas and Oil Production of Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA is designed to help us foster relations with the local communities
More informationEUROPEAN FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION Specific Programme Implementing Horizon 2020 - The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020) Maria da Graça Carvalho Poland 28
More informationDirectorate H: COSME Programme Going for growth with Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Directorate H: COSME Programme Going for growth with Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Filippo Pasquet (filippo.pasquet@ec.europe.eu) Unit Enterprise Europe Network & Internationalisation of SMEs Directorate
More informationCriteria for the mutual recognition of hallmarks by EU Member States short summary
Regional Assay Office in Warsaw Director Maria Magdalena Ulaczyk IAAO 12 Warsaw, 10th April 2008 Criteria for the mutual recognition of hallmarks by EU Member States short summary 1.Countries: Austria,
More informationEXPLORATION DEVELOPMENT OPERATION CLOSURE
i ABOUT THE INFOGRAPHIC THE MINERAL DEVELOPMENT CYCLE This is an interactive infographic that highlights key findings regarding risks and opportunities for building public confidence through the mineral
More informationEvaluation of the Three-Year Grant Programme: Cross-Border European Market Surveillance Actions ( )
Evaluation of the Three-Year Grant Programme: Cross-Border European Market Surveillance Actions (2000-2002) final report 22 Febuary 2005 ETU/FIF.20040404 Executive Summary Market Surveillance of industrial
More informationJoão Cadete de Matos. João Miguel Coelho Banco de Portugal Head of the Current and Capital Accounts Statistics Unit
Challenges in Knowledge Intensive Services: The Technology Balance of Payments 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital 2nd Lisbon, International 28-29 29-30 June, March Workshop 2010 /Sharing Best
More informationCONSENT IN THE TIME OF BIG DATA. Richard Austin February 1, 2017
CONSENT IN THE TIME OF BIG DATA Richard Austin February 1, 2017 1 Agenda 1. Introduction 2. The Big Data Lifecycle 3. Privacy Protection The Existing Landscape 4. The Appropriate Response? 22 1. Introduction
More information(Acts whose publication is obligatory) of 9 March 2005
24.3.2005 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 79/1 I (Acts whose publication is obligatory) DECISION NO 456/2005/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 March 2005 establishing a
More informationVanellus vanellus Europe, W Asia/Europe, N Africa & SW Asia
Period 2008-2012 European Environment Agency European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity Vanellus vanellus Europe, W Asia/Europe, N Africa & SW Asia Annex I International action plan No MP Northern Lapwing,
More informationUK Broadband Ltd Spectrum Access Licence Licence Number: Rev: 4: 11 January 2018
Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 Office of Communications (Ofcom) Licence Category: SPECTRUM ACCESS 3.6GHz This Licence replaces the licence issued by Ofcom on 05 April 2013 to UK Broadband Limited. Licence
More informationICO submission to the inquiry of the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications - The Internet : To Regulate or not to Regulate?
Information Commissioner s Office ICO submission to the inquiry of the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications - The Internet : To Regulate or not to Regulate? 16 May 2018 V. 1.0 Final 1 Contents
More informationEuropean Law as an Instrument for Avoiding Harmful Interference 5-7 June Gerry Oberst, SES Sr. Vice President, Global Regulatory & Govt Strategy
3rd Luxembourg Workshop on Space and Satellite Communications Law European Law as an Instrument for Avoiding Harmful Interference 5-7 June Gerry Oberst, SES Sr. Vice President, Global Regulatory & Govt
More information