DOWNLOAD PDF V. 1. INDUSTRY DEFINITION.

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 : Verification and validation - Wikipedia Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial blog.quintoapp.com stage occurs during childhood between the ages of approximately six and eleven. Overview[ edit ] Verification is intended to check that a product, service, or system or portion thereof, or set thereof meets a set of design specifications. In the post-development phase, verification procedures involve regularly repeating tests devised specifically to ensure that the product, service, or system continues to meet the initial design requirements, specifications, and regulations as time progresses. Verification can be in development, scale-up, or production. This is often an internal process. Validation is intended to ensure a product, service, or system or portion thereof, or set thereof results in a product, service, or system or portion thereof, or set thereof that meets the operational needs of the user. A set of validation requirements as defined by the user, specifications, and regulations may then be used as a basis for qualifying a development flow or verification flow for a product, service, or system or portion thereof, or set thereof. Additional validation procedures also include those that are designed specifically to ensure that modifications made to an existing qualified development flow or verification flow will have the effect of producing a product, service, or system or portion thereof, or set thereof that meets the initial design requirements, specifications, and regulations; these validations help to keep the flow qualified. This often involves acceptance of fitness for purpose with end users and other product stakeholders. This is often an external process. It is sometimes said that validation can be expressed by the query "Are you building the right thing? In some contexts, it is required to have written requirements for both as well as formal procedures or protocols for determining compliance. It is entirely possible that a product passes when verified but fails when validated. Activities[ edit ] Verification of machinery and equipment usually consists of design qualification DQ, installation qualification IQ, operational qualification OQ, and performance qualification PQ. DQ may be performed by a vendor or by the user, by confirming through review and testing that the equipment meets the written acquisition specification. This kind of the DIY approach is also applicable to the qualifications of software, computer operating systems and a manufacturing process. The full scales of some equipment qualifications are even time dependent as consumables are used up i. Torres and Hyman have discussed the suitability of non-genuine parts for clinical use and provided guidelines for equipment users to select appropriate substitutes which are capable to avoid adverse effects. Instead, the asset has to be recycled for non-regulatory purposes. Categories of validation[ edit ] Validation work can generally be categorized by the following functions: Prospective validation â the missions conducted before new items are released to make sure the characteristics of the interests which are functioning properly and which meet safety standards. If any critical data is missing, then the work can not be processed or can only be completed partially. Some of the examples could be validation of: The most important and significant effects are tested. From an analytical chemistry perspective, those effects are selectivity, accuracy, repeatability, linearity and its range. Examples of these changes could be. Page 1

2 Chapter 2 : Erikson's Stage 4 - Industry versus Inferiority :: Emotional Development Definition of industry 1 a: manufacturing activity as a whole the nation's industry b: a distinct group of productive or profit-making enterprises the banking industry. The emphasis is on academic performance. There is a movement from play to work. Earlier the child could play at activities with little or no attention given to the quality of results. Now, he needs to perform and produce good results! The child soon learns that he can win recognition from parents, teachers and peers by being proficient in his school work. The attitudes and opinions of others become important. The school plays a major role in the resolution of the developmental crisis of initiative versus inferiority. If children are praised for doing their best and encouraged to finish tasks then work enjoyment and industry may result. Children who cannot master their school work may consider themselves a failure and feelings of inferiority may arise. A child may also feel a sense of shame if his parents unthinkingly share his "failures" with others. This thinking runs counter to the gospel of grace Eph. Parents need to give their children "unconditional love" that no matter what they do, they are still your children. How can you limit feelings of inferiority? Here are some things I do to play down comparisons and limit feelings of inferiority. Moreover, there will always be others with better grades and others with worse grades I tell my boys that no one is last in the Wong family I stress that each one of us is different with strengths in different areas. Encourage self-competition and a spirit of excellence to be the best that he can be that is, in comparison to his potential and not in comparison to others. Teachers also exert a significant impact on children. Most children in lower primary levels tend to heed the words of their teachers more than their parents. The child who had his sense of industry encouraged at home can have it derogated at school through an insensitive teacher. Page 2

3 Chapter 3 : Industry Definition of Industry by Merriam-Webster Industry definition, the aggregate of manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field, often named after its principal product: the automobile industry; the steel industry. Cloud 5 Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Smart Factory, and Internet of Services are the most common four terms cited in academic research publications related to the industry. Consequently, and given its initial stage, these are the four main components of the industry. Cyber-Physical Systems As mentioned above, a cyber-physical system aims at the integration of computation and physical processes. This means that computers and networks are able to monitor the physical process of manufacturing at a certain process. The development of such a system consists of three phases: Unique identification is essential in manufacturing. This is the very basic language by which a machine can communicate. RFID Radio-frequency identification is a great example of that. RFID uses an electromagnetic field to identify a certain tag that is often attached to an object. Although such technology has been around since, it still serves as a great example of how Industry 4. The Integration of Sensors and Actuator: This is essential for a machine to operate. However, even with the integration of sensors and actuators, their use was limited and does not allow them to communicate with each other. The Development of Sensors and Actuators: Such development allowed machines to store and analyze data. A CPS now is equipped with multiple sensors and actuators that can be networked for the exchange of information. Machines can exchange data and, in a lot of applications, can sense the changes in the environment around them. Fire alarms are a good example of that. The Internet of Things, however, is thought to be what truly has initiated Industry 4. The integration of such technology allows objects to work and solve problems independently. Of course, this is not entirely true as human beings are also allowed to intervene. However, in case of conflicting goals, the case is usually raised to higher positions. Therefore, the IoT can be defined as a network in which CPS cooperate with each other through unique addressing schemas. With the huge development and diversity in electronic and smart devices, obtaining more and more of them creates complexities and undermines the utility of each added device. Smart phones, tablets, laptops, TVs or even watches are becoming more and more interconnected, but the more you buy, the added value of the last device becomes unrecognizable. The Internet of Services aims at creating a wrapper that simplifies all connected devices to make the most out of them by simplifying the process. Smart Factory Smart factories are a key feature of Industry 4. A smart factory adopts a so called Calm-system. A calm system is a system that is able to deal with both the physical world as well as the virtual. A calm system is aware of the surrounding environment and the objects around it. It also can be fed with soft information regarding the object being manufactured such as drawings and models. Based on the components above, the following are the design principles: Objects, machines and people need to be able to communicate through the Internet of Things and the Internet of People. This is the most essential principle that truly makes a factory a smart one. CPSs must be able to simulate and create a virtual copy of the real world. CPSs must also be able to monitor objects existing in the surrounding environment. Simply put, there must be a virtual copy of everything. The ability of CPSs to work independently. This gives room for customized products and problem solving. This also creates a more flexible environment for production. In cases of failure or having conflicting goals, the issue is delegated to a higher level. However, even with such technologies implemented, the need for quality assurance remains a necessity on the entire process Real-Time Capability: A smart factory needs to be able to collect real time data, store or analyze it, and make decisions according to new findings. This is not only limited to market research but also to internal processes such as the failure of a machine in production line. Smart objects must be able to identify the defect and re-delegate tasks to other operating machines. This also contributes greatly to the flexibility and the optimization of production. Production must be customer-oriented. This is where the Internet of Services becomes essential. In a typical case, it would probably take a week for an average company to study the market and change its production accordingly. On the other hand, smart factories must be able to adapt fast and smoothly to seasonal changes and market trends. Advantages of Industry 4. Optimizing production is a key advantage to Industry 4. A Smart Factory containing hundreds or even Page 3

4 thousands of Smart Devices that are able to self-optimize production will lead to an almost zero down time in production. This is extremely important for industries that use high end expensive manufacturing equipment such as the semi-conductors industry. Being able to utilize production constantly and consistently will profit the company. It will also destroy the gap between the manufacturer and the customer. Communication will take place between both directly. This fastens the production and delivery processes. The adoption of Industry 4. A new industry will require a new set of skills. Consequently, education and training will take a new shape that provides such an industry will the required skilled labor. Challenges facing Industry 4. Perhaps the most challenging aspect of implementing Industry 4. This online integration will give room to security breaches and data leaks. Cyber theft must also be put into consideration. In this case, the problem is not individual, but can, and probably will, cost producers money and might even hurt their reputation. Therefore, research in security is crucial. The decision to make such transformation will have to be on CEO level. Even then, the risks must be calculated and taken seriously. In addition, such transformation will require a huge capital, which alienates smaller businesses and might cost them their market share in the future. While it still remains early to speculate on employment conditions with the adoption of Industry 4. This may help employment rates go up but it will also alienate a big sector workers. The sector of workers whose work is perhaps repetitive will face a challenge in keeping up with the industry. This is an issue that might take longer to solve and will be further analyzed later in this report. In such an interconnected industry, producers need to collect and analyze data. To the customer, this might look like a threat to his privacy. This is not only exclusive to consumers. Bridging the gap between the consumer and the producer will be a huge challenge for both parties. What kind of new jobs will it introduce? What does a Smart Factory worker needs to have to be able to compete in an ever changing environment such as this? Will such changes lay off many workers? All of these are valid questions to the average worker. Consequently, it is important to further analyze this approach in order to be able to draw conclusions on the demographics of labor in the future. This will help workers of today prepare for a not so far future. Given the nature of the industry, it will introduce new jobs in big data analysis, robot experts, and a huge portion of mechanical engineers. In an attempt to determine the type of jobs that Industry 4. The following are some of the important changes that will affect the demographics of employment: In engineering terms, quality control aims at reducing the inevitable variation between products. Quality Control depends to a large extent on statistical methods to show whether a specific feature of a product such as size or weight is changing in a way that can be considered a pattern. Of course such a process depends largely on collecting real-time or historical data regarding the product. However, since Industry 4. On the other side, the demand for big data scientists will increase. The entire basis of the new industry relies of the smart devices being able to interact with the surrounding environment. This means that workers who assist in production such as packaging will be laid off and be replaced with smart devices equipped with cameras, sensors, and actuators that are able to identify the product and then deliver the necessary changes for it. One of the most important focuses of optimization is transportation. Engineers use linear programming methods such as the Transportation Model to utilize the use of transportation. However, with self-driven vehicles, and with the assistance of big data, so many drivers will be laid off. In addition, having self-driven vehicles allows for restriction-free working hours and higher utility. While the need for optimization for transportation declines, the need for industrial engineers who typically work on optimization and simulation to simulate productions lines will increase. Page 4

5 Chapter 4 : Industry - Wikipedia This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Name[ edit ] The term "Industry 4. These principles support companies in identifying and implementing Industry 4. The ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things IoT or the Internet of People IoP [10] Information transparency: The transparency afforded by Industry 4. Interconnectivity allows operators to collect immense amounts of data and information from all points in the manufacturing process, thus aiding functionality and identifying key areas that can benefit from innovation and improvement. First, the ability of assistance systems to support humans by aggregating and visualizing information comprehensively for making informed decisions and solving urgent problems on short notice. Second, the ability of cyber physical systems to physically support humans by conducting a range of tasks that are unpleasant, too exhausting, or unsafe for their human co-workers. The ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as autonomously as possible. Only in the case of exceptions, interferences, or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level. Meaning[ edit ] Current usage of the term has been criticised as essentially meaningless, in particular on the grounds that technological innovation is continuous and the concept of a "revolution" in technology innovation is based on a lack of knowledge of the details. The required automation technology is improved by the introduction of methods of self-optimization, self-configuration, [13] self-diagnosis, cognition and intelligent support of workers in their increasingly complex work. This interview addressed the prevalence of the Internet of Things in manufacturing and the consequent technology-driven changes which promise to trigger a new industrial revolution. At Bosch, and generally in Germany, this phenomenon is referred to as Industry 4. The basic principle of Industry 4. Some examples for Industry 4. According to Dais, "it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is interlinked with everything else". While this sounds like a fair assumption and the driving force behind the Internet of Things, it also means that the complexity of production and supplier networks will grow enormously. Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in an Industry 4. Instead, they will be lifted in order to interconnect multiple factories or even geographical regions. There are differences between a typical traditional factory and an Industry 4. In the current industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success and industrial factories are trying to achieve as much performance as possible to increase their profit as well as their reputation. In this way, various data sources are available to provide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. In this stage, the utilization of data for understanding current operating conditions and detecting faults and failures is an important topic to research. In contrast, in an Industry 4. Furthermore, peer-to-peer comparison and fusion of health information from various components provides a precise health prediction in component and system levels and force factory management to trigger required maintenance at the best possible time to reach just-in-time maintenance and gain near-zero downtime. It essentially is characterizing upcoming service industry to cater to millions of machines, managed by the machines themselves, fortunately using Artificial intelligence developed by humans!. Challenges[ edit ] Challenges in implementation of Industry 4. Big data analytics consists of 6Cs in the integrated Industry 4. The 6C system comprises: Considering the presence of visible and invisible issues in an industrial factory, the information generation algorithm has to be capable of detecting and addressing invisible issues such as machine degradation, component wear, etc. Services and business models Reliability and continuous productivity IT security: Companies like LogicBay Corporation have released multiple resources addressing Industry 4. To help industry understand the impact of Industry 4. Chapter 5 : Industry Define Industry at blog.quintoapp.com 1. industry - the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise; "each industry has its own trade publications" manufacture. Page 5

6 Chapter 6 : What does industry mean? 1. The manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field, country, region, or economy viewed collectively, or one of these individually. A single industry is often named after its principal product; for example, the auto industry. Chapter 7 : What is an industry? definition and meaning An industry is a group of companies that are related based on their primary business activities. In modern economies, there are dozens of industry classifications, which are typically grouped into. Chapter 8 : What is an industry? definition and meaning - blog.quintoapp.com Industry is a term often used to refer to the developmental process in the management of manufacturing and chain production. The term also refers to the fourth industrial revolution. The term Industry was first publicly introduced in as "Industrie " by a group of representatives. Chapter 9 : What is industry analysis? definition and meaning - blog.quintoapp.com The term industry is sometimes used to describe a very precise business activity (e.g. semiconductors) or a more generic business activity (e.g. consumer durables). If a company participates in multiple business activities, it is usually considered to be in the industry in which most of its revenues are derived. Page 6