(Cofinanced by the Global Road Safety Partnership)

Transcription

1 Technical Assistance Report Project Number: November 2005 Technical Assistance People s Republic of China: Road Safety Improvement (Cofinanced by the Global Road Safety Partnership) The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

2 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 14 November 2005) Currency Unit Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $ $1.00 = CNY8.085 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank GRSI Global Road Safety Initiatives GRSP Global Road Safety Partnership MOC Ministry of Communications MPS Ministry of Public Security NRSRP National Road Safety Reform Program PRC People s Republic of China TA technical assistance TMB Traffic Management Bureau WHO World Health Organization TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION Targeting Classification General intervention Sector Transport and communications Subsector Roads and highways Theme Sustainable economic growth Subthemes Promoting economic efficiency and enabling markets, fostering physical infrastructure development NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice President J. Eichenberger, Operations Group 2 Director General H. Rao, East and Central Asia Department Director N. Rayner, Transport and Communications Division, East and Central Asia Department Team leader K. Jraiw, Senior Transport Specialist, East and Central Asia Department

3 I. INTRODUCTION 1. During the 2004 Country Programming Mission of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Government of the People s Republic of China (PRC) confirmed its request for technical assistance (TA) to improve road safety, optimize efficiency of road networks, strengthen traffic law enforcement, and maximize benefit for the community. The Fact-Finding Mission visited Beijing in March 2005, and reached an understanding with the Government on the TA objectives, scope, and implementation arrangements. The TA 1 is included in ADB s 2005 country assistance program for the PRC. This paper is based on the Mission s findings and subsequent discussions with the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) 2 to cofinance the TA. The design and monitoring framework of the TA is in Appendix 1. II. ISSUES 2. Road accidents are a human tragedy that result in health, environmental and social problems, and have significant impacts on national economic growth strategies. In recognition of this, the United Nations (UN) has recently integrated road safety into its policies on sustainable development. In April 2004, for the first time, a UN General Assembly plenary session addressed road safety and called on member states to stimulate a new level of commitment and an urgent response to improve road safety. The World Health Organization (WHO) forecasts that road accidents will move from the ninth to the third most serious health problem facing the world, within the next 10 years. The problem of road safety is acute in the Asia-Pacific region, which has only around 18% of the world s motorized vehicle fleet but accounts for around 50% of global road deaths. The estimated economic loss to the region from road traffic accidents is over $35 billion per annum. Around 40 million in-patient days are taken up in the regions hospitals each year with road accident victims In the PRC, rapid economic growth during the past decade, averaging around 10% per annum, has altered road transport demand, which has risen faster than that for other transport modes, creating a huge demand for more road space. Given the PRC's rapid economic growth, low vehicle ownership rates, lower car prices as tariff barriers fell after World Trade Organization (WTO) accession, and increasing access to loans to finance automobile purchases, the vehicle fleet is expected to continue to grow rapidly in the coming years. 4. Rapid development and increasing vehicular growth in the PRC have resulted in a substantial increase in road accidents and loss of life. During , over 500,000 people were killed and around 2.6 million injured in road accidents, equivalent to 1 fatality every 5 minutes the highest in the world. 4 The situation will likely deteriorate unless urgent and effective action is taken to help the PRC make its roads safer. 5. The road subsector is the largest area in ADB's PRC operations, accounting for about 60% of the portfolio, and roads are likely to remain a significant part of ADB's future program. ADB s operational strategy for the road subsector is designed to remove infrastructure constraints and support policy and institutional reforms. ADB gives high priority to road safety in 1 The TA first appeared in ADB Business Opportunities (internet edition) on 4 February GRSP is a global partnership dedicated to reducing death and injury on the world s roads. Initiated by the World Bank and United Nations in 1999, it is now a hosted program of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, based in Switzerland. On behalf of seven of its business members (Ford, General Motor, Honda, Michelin, Renault, Shell, and Toyota ), GRSP is implementing the Global Road Safety Initiatives (GRSI), and the PRC will be involved for the first time. This will be achieved by GRSP jointly funding this TA. 3 WHO World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. Geneva. 4 Studies reveal that road accidents, and the associated fatalities and injuries, in the PRC, are underreported by an estimated 42%. Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) Report Estimating Global Road Fatalities. United Kingdom.

4 2 its efforts to improve the way the road network is operated and used, help eliminate loss of lives, and promote poverty reduction and economic development. 6. The extent of adverse impacts of road accidents on the economy is characterized as follows: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Economic losses from road traffic accidents are 1 3% of the PRC s gross domestic product (GDP) per annum (footnote 3) higher than the national budget for public health services, and the national budget for rural compulsory education. In the PRC, road accidents disproportionately harm low-income groups (over 60%) such as pedestrians, bicycle and motorcycle riders, and long-distance bus users. 5 When household heads are killed or disabled, their family s poverty worsens. 6 Road accident costs have a significant adverse impact on the PRC Government s fight against poverty, and on the scarce medical resources. Road injury patients represent over 25% of hospital bed occupancy (footnote 3). Increasing accidents create a burden on the scarce resources of road agencies (footnote 5). 7. Issues and constraints that contribute to road safety problems include the following: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Lack of knowledge of basic traffic rules accounts for over 48% of all accidents. Many of these accidents involve freight vehicles and long-distance buses (footnote 5). Limited skills and resources of the driving license examiners. Unavailability of a reliable accident investigation and data system, and in-depth research needed to fully understand causes and create effective countermeasures. Road safety management practices are characterized by a lack of overall goalorientation and performance evaluation, fragmented safety interventions, and limited road safety expertise, resources, and interagency coordination between the different agencies that are responsible for different parts of the road network (footnote 5). 8. To address these constraints, ADB has previously provided an advisory TA (footnote 5) to help the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), which is the lead road safety agency in the PRC. This TA developed a focused, interagency, and multidimensional program the National Road Safety Reform Program (NRSRP) to address various road safety problems. The TA was assessed as highly successful. 9. The NRSRP has identified major road safety obstacles, characteristics of the problem, role of each agency, and included ten key components to address various road safety problems 5 ADB Technical Assistance to the People s Republic of China for Capacity Building in Traffic Safety, Planning, and Management. Manila. 6 Ghee, C Socioeconomic Aspects of Road Accidents in Developing Countries. TRL Report 247. Crowthorne.

5 in the PRC, namely interagency coordination, engineering, enforcement, legislation, education, community awareness, driver licensing, emergency services, health care, and funding issues The Government and MPS are highly committed to implement the NRSRP. They have implemented two key components of the NRSRP, namely (i) establishment of the first national interagency road safety committee in September 2003 to enhance coordination and optimize the use of resources, under the leadership of the MPS and with the membership of 17 key ministries, including the Ministries of Communications, Construction, Health, Education, Finance, and Agriculture; and (ii) introduction of the first comprehensive road and traffic safety law in May However, more work is required to achieve the objectives of the NRSRP. 11. The Fact-Finding Mission and MPS assessed the conditions of, and impediments to improving, road safety and how best to move forward in addressing road safety issues. It was concluded that MPS should be proactive in making roads safer through advancing the implementation of the remaining components of the NRSRP. ADB coordinates with the World Bank, private sector, WHO, and other donors to optimize road safety projects and share policy information. 3 III. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE A. Impact and Outcome 12. The TA aims to improve the safety and efficiency of road transport operations, and strengthen traffic law enforcement in the PRC, 8 which will benefit low-income groups, and increase overall economic benefits from road network investments. The TA will (i) implement NRSRP components through policy and institutional reforms in a model province to show the benefit of road safety improvement; (ii) formulate a monitorable action plan to replicate the initiatives of the model province in other provinces and to advance national implementation of the NRSRP; and (iii) develop a road safety investment plan. 13. The TA will help reduce the severity, frequency, and cost of road accidents to the community. The TA will complement the programs of the Government and ADB in strategically focused areas, help MPS in its leadership role, and enhance the capacity of road and traffic agencies. International expertise and best-practice exposure are crucial to the success of road safety programs in the PRC. The selected TA components are designed to provide this. The GRSP cofinancing for the TA represents a significant step forward as it will be the first time that the private sector will be involved in road safety in PRC. The MPS is highly committed to implement the TA under guidance of a Vice Minister. 14. The TA will support the following: 7 The key components of the NRSRP include: (i) establish national and provincial road safety councils to improve interagency cooperation and provide leadership to optimize the use of resources; (ii) adopt new legislation to maintain law and order on the road network; (iii) develop sustainable transport planning, traffic management, traffic law enforcement, and travel demand management systems; (iv) increase the capability of relevant agencies and their staff and advance community awareness; (v) develop a more safety-conscious road design approach; (vi) develop accident investigation and accident data systems that will permit the scale, nature, and characteristics of accidents to be accurately defined, and remedial measures; (vii) improve driver training and testing systems to minimize abuse in licensing practices; (viii) improve vehicle testing and the inspection system to deter the use of defective and unsafe vehicles on public roads; (ix) integrate the emergency service system to enhance services and rescue assistance for traffic accident victims; and (x) apply for donors support to make up for the shortage of funds, resources, and skills. 8 Road safety improvements will save far more money than they cost. Low cost engineering improvements at dangerous road accident blackspots can give economic rates of return in excess of % (footnote 3).

6 4 (i) (ii) (iii) Policy and institutional reforms in a model province. Implement NRSRP components in a model province 9 to show the benefit of improved road safety and system efficiency, and to facilitate national implementation, including (a) establish interagency road safety council, comprising Provincial Communications Bureau, Public Security Bureau, and relevant agencies in the areas of education, emergency services, health care, construction, planning, agriculture, and environment; (b) develop necessary policy and institutional reforms to facilitate implementation of the road and traffic safety law; (c) promote capacity building, and human resources development, and community awareness campaign; (d) develop a more safety-conscious road design approach; (e) develop integrated traffic management systems that take account of non-motorized transport issues; (f) improve accident investigation and data systems account; (g) improve driver license testing, and vehicle inspection systems; and (h) develop targeted traffic enforcement measures. National action plan. To advance implementation of the NRSRP at the national level, formulate a monitorable action plan to replicate the initiatives of the model province in other provinces. The action plan will (a) identify directions for changes, priorities, and monitoring requirements; and (b) address issues of administration, staffing, and interagency coordination, and the optimization of the use of resources. Road safety investment plan. Develop an investment plan, in accordance with the NRSRP recommendations, to address the shortage of resources, and skills, and ensure sustainable road safety improvement. The plan will identify urgent resource and skills needs, and investment solutions to meet these needs. The plan will be assessed by the Government during TA implementation, and could form the basis of a pilot project in a selected province. The plan will address possible sources of road safety funding including budgetary allocations, road user charges, enforcement fines, and multilateral development bank financing. B. Methodology and Key Activities 15. The TA will be implemented in three parts: (i) support for policy and institutional reforms in a model province in which NRSRP components will be implemented through demonstration projects; (ii) formulation of a monitorable action plan to replicate the initiatives of the model province to other provinces and to advance implementation of the NRSRP at national level; and (iii) development of a road safety investment plan. The MPS will establish a steering committee, and counterpart team, to ensure effective implementation. Endorsement of the TA outputs by MPS will be essential for high-level commitment to their effective implementation. Promotion materials will be produced to help disseminate the output of the TA. C. Cost and Financing 16. The total TA cost is estimated at $1,500,000 equivalent, comprising $960,000 in foreign exchange and $540,000 equivalent in local currency. ADB will provide $400,000 equivalent on a grant basis from its TA funding program. The GRSP will provide a grant of $225,000 equivalent to be administered by ADB, during The GRSP will contribute $375,000 equivalent on a parallel grant basis, for use under ADB guidance, to facilitate the implementation of the TA action plan and monitoring, during ($272,000 in foreign exchange and $103,000 in local currency). MPS will provide the remaining $500,000 equivalent, in foreign currency 9 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), which is one of the three least developed areas in the PRC, has been selected as a model province.

7 ($200,000) and local currency ($300,000) for training, workshops, counterpart staff, office facilities, local transport, and other facilities and services required to implement the TA. The detailed cost estimates and financing plan are in Appendix 2. D. Implementation Arrangements 17. Consulting services of 54 person-months (25 international and 29 domestic) will be procured by hiring individual consultants, because of the specialized nature of the assignment, in accordance with ADB s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants and other arrangements satisfactory to ADB for the engagement of domestic consultants, and in consultation with MPS. The international consultants team will consist of (i) a road safety strategy expert, as a team leader, and in charge of the model province program, action plan, and the proposed road safety investment plan (17 person-months); (ii) a safer road expert, in charge of the road design related matters (4 person-months); and (iii) a safer traffic expert, in charge of the traffic and driver behavior related matters (4 person-months). The experts will be supported by domestic consultants (Appendix 3). 18. The Traffic Management Bureau (TMB) of MPS will be the Executing Agency, responsible for supervision and monitoring of TA activities. The Traffic Management Research Institute (TMRI) 10 of TMB will be the TA implementing agency. 19. The TA will start in January 2006 and be completed in October The first 12 months will be for (i) starting the model province program; (ii) developing an action plan to facilitate national implementation; and (iii) preparing the road safety investment plan requirements. Years 2 and 3 will be used to (i) assess the model province program; (ii) assist in implementation of the NRSRP at national level; (iii) assist in further development of the road safety investment plan and its monitoring. ADB and GRSP will sign an agreement to facilitate administration of the GRSP s fund by ADB. An advance payment facility will be established for the training, study, survey, equipment, and model province components of the TA. TMB will provide counterpart support services to the consultants. All equipment will be procured under the TA in accordance with ADB s Guidelines for Procurement, and ownership will be transferred to the TMB after the TA. Tripartite meetings involving the Government, ADB staff members, and consultants will be held to guide the consultants. GRSP will be invited to provide feedback. An inception report will be produced after the fielding of the international consultants, and a report will be produced after each TA activity. TMB will submit a brief monthly monitoring report, while the final TA report will be submitted by October 2008, after receipt of ADB comments. TMB will provide an annual monitoring report for 3 years after TA. 5 IV. THE PRESIDENT S DECISION 20. The President, acting under the authority delegated by the Board, has approved (i) ADB administering a portion of technical assistance not exceeding the equivalent of $225,000 to be financed on a grant basis by the Global Road Safety Partnership; and (ii) ADB providing the balance not exceeding the equivalent of $400,000 on a grant basis, to the Government of the People s Republic of China for Road Safety Improvement, and hereby reports this action to the Board. 10 TMRI, Wuxi city, Jiangsu province, is a national body directly subordinate to MPS.

8 6 Appendix 1 DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK Design Summary Impact Performance Targets/Indicators Data Sources/ Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions And Risks Assumptions Efficiency and safety of the road network improved, and traffic law enforcement system strengthened in the People s Republic of China (PRC) Reduced road fatality rate per 10,000 registered vehicles by at least 10%, to below 9% in 2011, from 9.9% in 2004 Reduced percentage of license related road accidents to below 30% in 2011, from over 48% in 2004 Ministry of Public Security (MPS) statistics MPS and provincial annual reports National statistical reports The public adopts road safety measures Effective enforcement of traffic laws is sustained Percentage of road accidents which disproportionately harm low-income groups reduced in 2011 from 2004 baseline (over 60% in 2004) Provincial road safety councils established nation wide in 2008 Outcome Assumption Implementation of the NRSRP facilitated, and road safety investment plan prepared MPS steering committee, and implementation team, established by December 2005, to ensure Technical Assistance (TA) implementation MPS annual reports Project reports The Government adopts implementation of TA findings Investment plan submitted for internal MPS assessment by December 2006 TA information provided to all provinces by May 2007 Public information and education campaign on road safety launched by July 2007 New road and traffic safety law enforced in Monitoring reports provided for 3 years after the TA (January 2009 December 2011)

9 Appendix 1 7 Design Summary Outputs Performance Targets/Indicators Data Sources/ Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions And Risks Assumption 1. NRSRP implemented in the model province 1.1 A provincial interagency road safety council established by June Uniform interagency policy and institutional reforms established by July % of the road accident blackspots identified by July 2006 TA performance report TA reports TA final report MPS and provincial annual reports Effective stakeholder participation and ownership developed Risk Restricted availability and access to information and government personnel 1.4 Demonstration road and traffic projects implemented in National action plan is in place for implementation 2.1 An action plan to facilitate nationwide implementation of the NRSRP submitted for internal MPS endorsement by December Implementation of the NRSRP commenced in 2007 Activities with Milestones 1.1 A provincial interagency road safety council established in the model province (by Jun 2006) 2.1 Uniform interagency policy and institutional reforms established in the model province (by Jul 2006) 3.1 NRSRP components implemented in the model province (in ) 4.1 An action plan for the national implementation of the NRSRP submitted for internal MPS endorsement (by Dec 2006) 5.1 The road safety investment plan submitted for internal MPS assessment (by Dec 2006) 6.1 Produce consolidated TA report (by Feb 2007) 7.1 Develop TA promotion materials (by May 2007) 8.1 Implementation of the NRSRP commenced nationally (in 2007) Inputs 54 person-months of international experts and domestic consultants ADB: $400,000 Government: $500,000 GRSP: $600,000 NRSRP = National Road Safety Reform Program. Sources: Asian Development Bank estimates, Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) Report Estimating Global Road Fatalities. United Kingdom, and WHO World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. Geneva.

10 8 Appendix 2 a b c d COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN ($'000) Foreign Local Total Item Exchange Currency Cost A. Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) Financing a 1. Consultants a. Remuneration and Per Diem i. International Consultants ii. Domestic Consultants b. International and Local Travel Training Equipment, and Guidelines b Workshops, and Conferences c Study, Miscellaneous, and Administration Cost Contingencies Subtotal (A) B. GRSP Financing d 1. Consultants a. Remuneration and Per Diem i. International Consultants ii. Domestic Consultants b. International and Local Travel Workshops, and Conferences Study, Miscellaneous, and Administration Cost Contingencies Subtotal (B) C. Government Financing 1. Office Accommodation and Transport Training Remuneration and Per Diem of Counterpart Staff and Others Subtotal (C) Total ,500.0 ADB = $400,000 financed by the Asian Development Bank s technical assistance (TA) funding program. GRSP = $225,000 administered by ADB during Equipment will include safe-driving, blackspot, enforcement, traffic, and accident analysis devices, and software, which will be identified by the international consultants, and procured as required, for training. The TA activities will include workshops, ministerial/interagency conference, and in-country and overseas training. The Ministry of Public Security will contribute $200,000 in foreign exchange (C.2 above) to support the training. GRSP = $375,000 as a parallel grant financing, which will be used under guidance of the ADB, to cover various TA activities and implementation of its findings during , and will be included in the agreement between ADB and GRSP.

11 Appendix 3 9 OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS 1. The technical assistance (TA) will require a total of 54 person-months of consulting services, including 25 person-months of international consultants and 29 person-months of domestic consultants, from January 2006 to October 2008, to provide expertise in (i) road safety strategy implementation, (ii) safer roads, traffic, and driver behavior, and (iii) traffic law enforcement. The international and domestic consultants will be recruited as individuals. The domestic consultants will be engaged to assist the team of international consultants. All consultants will have extensive knowledge in the relevant areas. Full individual terms of reference will be written for each consultant before recruitment. The international consultants scope of work will include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following. A. International Consultants (25 person-months) 1. Road Safety Strategy Expert (17 person-months) 2. The expert will act as a team leader responsible for consolidating the overall TA findings, with the support of other international and domestic consultants. The expert will have demonstrated skills to deal with an interdisciplinary team, and a wide range of experience in developing road safety in a complex environment, with full understanding of the institutional, socioeconomic, policy, technology of road safety, modern road transport sector issues, and Asian Development Bank s (ADB) requirements. 3. The specialist will be responsible for the following: (i) (ii) (iii) Implementation of the NRSRP in the model province, to integrate engineering, enforcement, education, environmental and emergency service issues. The model province program will demonstrate the benefit of road safety and transport system improvements and to promote implementation nationwide. Helping MPS to advance implementation of the NRSRP nationwide, based on the lessons learned of the model province program, including staffing, resource and administration issues, monitoring, and interagency coordination. Developing a road safety investment plan to address the shortage of resources, and skills, and ensure sustainable road safety improvement, in accordance with the NRSRP recommendations, including: (a) (b) (c) (d) develop a detailed design and monitoring framework for the proposed plan; and a set of indicators characterizing the plan objectives, goals, inputs, outputs, impacts, and baseline and target values of the indicators. provide technical advice in matters pertaining to the potential plan components, and assess associated institutional and policy issues. assess potential implementation of the plan as a pilot project in selected province. assess potential sources of funding including budgetary allocations, road user charges, enforcement fines, and multilateral development bank financing.

12 10 Appendix 3 (iv) Consolidating the work of other consultants, providing technical advice, guidance, and direction in matters pertaining to TA implementation, and submitting to MPS and the ADB reports on implementation progress. 2. Safer Traffic Expert (4 person-months) 4. The international safer traffic expert will have the following responsibilities to complement the model province program: (i) (ii) (iii) Reviewing current international best-practice, including the driving license system, traffic management, transport planning, heavy vehicle management, traffic control system, and safer road use, and assess their effectiveness and constraints under the People s Republic of China (PRC) conditions. Conducting workshops and introducing training materials pertaining to driving license skills, test equipment, software, and system to promote best-practice in the PRC, including technology use, and qualification and rating guidelines. Contribute to the final TA report, and recommend further work to strengthen road safety. Provide input to the development of the road safety investment plan. 3. Safer Road Expert (4 person-months) 5. The international safer road expert will have the following responsibilities to complement the model province program: (i) (ii) (iii) Reviewing the state of the art of accident investigation procedures, enforcement practice, and relevant policing activities in highly motorized countries, and assessing PRC practice. Identifying constraints and providing initiatives to enhance effectiveness in the PRC, including relevant road design, blackspot program, roadside hazard management, safety devices, and maintenance issues. Conducting workshops, and tailoring a suitable accident investigation system, including an accident data system, and relevant policing activities, and guidelines, based on the international best-practice to (a) enhance accident data standards and definitions; and (b) promote accident investigation procedures, new technology use, in-depth research of accident causes, and assessment of strategy effectiveness against target. Contributing to the final TA report, and recommending work needed to strengthen road safety activity. Provide input to the development of the road safety investment plan B. Domestic Consultants (29 person-months) 6. Domestic consultants will be selected to work on road safety issues, including traffic management, traffic enforcement and policing, driving license, accident investigation and accident data, policy and institution, and preparation of the road safety investment plan. The specific consultants scope of work will include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following.

13 Appendix Road Safety Strategy Consultant (19 person-months) 7. The road safety strategy consultant will act as the deputy team leader to help the international expert. The consultant will have demonstrated skills to deal with an interdisciplinary team, and a wide range of experience in developing a road safety programs in a complex environment, with full understanding of the institutional, socioeconomic, policy, and technology of road safety. 8. The consultant will also (i) provide input to the development of the driving license skill examiner and accident investigation systems, including targeted traffic enforcement, accident data system, and development of training materials, guidelines, and workshops; (ii) help in the development of the model province program, and the national action plan, to integrate engineering, enforcement, education, and emergency issues; and (iii) help the team leader in consolidating the overall TA findings, including preparation of the road safety investment plan. 2. Safer Traffic Consultant (5 person-months) 9. The domestic safer traffic consultant will (i) help the international expert develop the driving license skill examiner training materials, equipment, software, and system suitable for PRC conditions based on the international best-practice, including technology use and qualification and rating guidelines; and (ii) help run the training workshops, and provide input and presentations. 3. Safer Road Consultant (5 person-months) 10. The domestic safer road consultant will (i) help the international expert tailor a suitable accident investigation system, including accident data system, policing activities, and guidelines based on the international best-practice to (a) enhance accident data standards and definitions; (b) promote accident investigation procedures, use of new technology, in-depth research of accident causes, and assessment of strategy effectiveness against targets; and (ii) help run the training workshops, and provide input and presentations.