The impact of e-infrastructures for science and innovation in Europe Achim Bachem, Forschungszentrum Jülich

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1 The impact of e-infrastructures for science and innovation in Europe Achim Bachem, Forschungszentrum Jülich

2 Otto Hahn s workbench: No need for e-infrastructure The equipment used by Otto Hahn ( ) and Fritz Strassmann in December 1938 to provide the first chemical evidence of nuclear fission products after bombarding uranium with neutrons.

3 The most advanced workbench for telerobotic needs massive e-infrastructure IP-satellite gateway Géant-Network

4 Large RI s are critical to the success of the European Research Area Four areas of RI s: Physical science/ engineering Life science Social science/ humanities e-infrastructures The roadmap was the input for the 7th FP e-infrastructures are the necessary basis for all large research infrastructures

5 Finland is an important and active partner for the European Research Area Spending 3.5% of the GNP for research, Finland is one of the most research intensive countries in the world. ESFRI-list contributions, e.g.: Physical science/ engineering: FAIR, LHC, Life science: BBMRI, EATRIS, ECRIN, ELIXIR, INFRAFRONTIER, Social science: CESSDA, CLARIN, e-infrastructure: EEGE, e-irg, PRACE, DEISA,

6

7 FAIR: A 2 billion- time machine to the big bang The metering rule of the world -271 C PANDA HSR ring contribution Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

8 contribution Member of the Helmholtz Association The Large Hadron Collider (LHC at CERN) opens the door for new physics Investigating the nature of dark matter, dark energy (the time machine back to the big bang ) 27 km tunnel -271 C

9 The data and computing challenge Computing Volume: computing jobs every day in 140 computer centers CPU s used start of the experiments: mid of 2007 Data Volume: 4 experiments / detectors ca bytes / accident / experiment ca. 3 * 10 2 accidents per second ca seconds per day ca (experiments-) days per year 12 * bytes / year = 12 Petabytes per year Users: About physicists in the world

10 Increase of data volume and Moore's Law data volume (storage): factor 2 every 12 months factor 32 every 5 years factor 1000 every 10 years Moore's Law (density of chips): factor 2 every 18 months factor 10 every 5 years factor 100 every 10 years

11 The door to European research infrastructure: e.g.: LHC at CERN in Geneva Nordic data grid facility: the Nordic LHC-tier1

12 Storage setup for the NDGF tier-1 LHC Member of the Helmholtz Association

13 Fusion Research An international project under European leadership 75 mg Deuterium, 225 mg Lithium ITER = 2 l water + 250g rocks Energy content of 1 family in 1 year ( liters oil)

14 Role of High Performance Computing to Fusion Experiment The layman s response to the idea: A miniature star (100 Mill degrees) in a solid container : THIS MUST BE IMPOSSIBLE! It turned out unfortunately: THE LAYMAN IS RIGHT! Almost...

15 e-science comes to the rescue: International efforts of integrated parallel edge plasma codes B2-EIRENE EDGE2D-EIRENE EMC3-EIRENE B2-EIRENE B2-EIRENE EMC3-EIRENE MIT LLNL GA ORNL PPPL NIFS LLNL: UEDGE- --- GA: B2-EIRENE OSM-EIRENE ORNL: B2-EIRENE MIT: B2-EIRENE OSM-EIRENE PPPL: --- -DEGAS2 ITER (Cadarache): B2-EIRENE EU has leading role in integrated edge modelling, and a near world-monopoly in edge plasma chemistry codes

16 Future directions in edge modelling, HPC needs ITER Ab Initio: GK turbulence simulations (US: program has already started with 2 codes) e-science is critical to the success of the ITER experiment Integrated edge modelling: (here: EU probably still ahead of US and Japan)

17 Strategic Roadmap for e-infrastructures E-Infrastructures: - Grid infrastructures - Networking infrastructures - Supercomputer infrastructures

18 e-infrastructure - international connectivity GÈANT- Virtual Silk Highway Network GEANT Central Africa Russia TEIN China Projects & GRIDs TransPAC India Japan Singapore AMPATH Brazil Australia South Africa Operational or funding available Request to interconnect received Member of the Helmholtz Association

19 Strategic Roadmap for e-infrastructures E-Infrastructures: - Grid infrastructures - Networking infrastructures - Supercomputer infrastructures

20 Finland, a European partner in many ESFRI projects European Infrastructure for Systems Biology, for Synthetic Biology, for Chemical Biology, for Biological Imaging ESFRI

21 ELIXIR The mission of ELIXIR is to construct and operate a sustainable infrastructure for biological information in Europe to support life science research and its translation to medicine and the environment, the bio-industries and society. Finnish partner:

22 ELIXR: Core molecular data resources Member of the Helmholtz Association

23 ELIXR: Global Context Member of the Helmholtz Association

24 Research Infrastructures for the social sciences CESSDA (Council of European Social Science Data archives) distributed RI providing and facilitating access of researchers to high quality data and supporting their use. A network of institutes from 21 countries in Europe holds 15,000 data collections and provides access to 20,000 researchers CLARIN (Common Language Resources and Technology Infra) basis is a Grid-type of infrastructure and Semantic Web technology, 31+ countries involved Others are:

25 Strategic Roadmap for e-infrastructures E-Infrastructures: - Grid infrastructures - Networking infrastructures - Supercomputer infrastructures

26 The Computing Continuum Loosely coupled Special Purpose Grids Cluster Highly Parallel Tightly coupled Each strikes a different balance computation/ communication coupling Implications for execution efficiency Applications for diverse needs computing is only one part of the story!

27 Science: Theory - Experiment - Simulation superstrings and fundamental theory Energie energy plasma Nachhaltigkeit physics biophysics health geophysics climate environmental research astrophysics Astrophysik Kosmologie cosmology structure of matter material science chemistry

28 Imperative of Scientific Simulation Member of the Helmholtz Association

29 Computational science infrastructure in Europe A European HPC service impact foreseen: strategic competitiveness attractiveness for researchers supporting industrial development

30 Supercomputers give a competitive edge of about 6-8 years versus an of-the-shelf system 1 Pflop/s 100 Tflop/s 10 Tflop/s 1 Tflop/s With the top supercomputer research can be 6-8 years in advance 59.7 GF/s Intel ASCI Red N=1 Top No. 1 systems IBM ASCI White NEC Earth Simulator IBM BlueGene/L # TF/s 2.74 TF/s 100 Gflop/s Fujitsu 'NWT' computing power of # Gflop/s N=500 1 Gflop/s 0.4 GF/s My Laptop In 12 years a Top 500 supercomputer is on my desk 100 Mflop/s

31 HPC a Key Technology Supercomputers are the tool for solving most challenging problems through simulations Access to capability computers of leadership class is essential for international competiveness in science and engineering Providing competitive HPC services is a continuous endeavor This has been acknowledged by leading industry nations such as USA and Japan since the 1990 ies And in Europe?

32 Europe s current position in HPC Aggregated LINPACK Performance in PetaFlops in November Top 500 Lists

33 Computational science infrastructure in Europe The European Roadmap for Research Infrastructures is the first comprehensive definition at the European level Research Infrastructures are one of the crucial pillars of the European Research Area A European HPC service impact foreseen: strategic competitiveness attractiveness for researchers supporting industrial development

34 The ESFRI Vision for a European HPC service European HPC-facilities at the top of an HPC provisioning pyramid Tier-0: 3-5 European facilities Tier-1: National facilities Tier-2: Regional/University Centers tier-0 tier1 tier2 Creation of a European HPC ecosystem involving all stakeholders HPC service providers on all tiers Grid Infrastructures Scientific and industrial user communities The European HPC hard- and software industry

35 ESFRI list item Supercomputer Estimated costs Unlike other European Research Infrastructures: Tier-0 resources have to be renewed every 2-3 years Construction cost Mio. every 2-3 years Annual running cost Mio. A truly European challenge also in terms of fund raising requirements PRACE The Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe An Initiative created to implement the ESFRI vision of a European HPC service

36 First Steps and Achievements Chairman: Kimmo Koski Production of the HPC part of the ESFRI Roadmap; Creation of a vision, involving 15 European countries Bringing scientists together Creation of the Scientific Case HPCEUR HET Signature of the MoU, spring 2007 Submission of the project proposal Approval of the project Kick-off PRACE Initiative

37 PRACE Project Facts Objectives of the PRACE Project: Prepare the contracts to establish the PRACE permanent Research Infrastructure as a single Legal Entity in 2010 including governance, funding, procurement, and usage strategies. Perform the technical work to prepare operation of the Tier-0 systems in 2009/2010 including deployment and benchmarking of prototypes for Petaflop/s systems and porting, optimizing, petascaling of applications Project facts: Partners: 16 Legal Entities from 14 countries Project duration: January 2008 December 2009 Project budget: 20 M, EC funding: 10 M PRACE is funded in part by the EC under the FP7 Capacities program grant agreement INFSO-RI

38 tier 1 tier 0 PRACE Project Consortium Principal Partners General Partners GENCI Member of the Helmholtz Association

39 Improved performance through software technology It is not only the hardware! Software technology doubles speed every 6 years!

40 Supercomputing Drives Science Environment Weather/ Climatology Pollution / Ozone Hole Ageing Society Medicine Biology Materials/ Inf. Tech Spintronics Nano-science Energy Plasma Physics Fuel Cells

41 The Scientific Case (HET-Recommendation) Weather, Climatology, Earth Science degree of warming, scenarios for our future climate. understand and predict ocean properties and variations weather and flood events Astrophysics, Elementary particle physics, Plasma physics systems, structures which span a large range of different length and time scales quantum field theories like QCD, ITER Material Science, Chemistry, Nanoscience understanding complex materials, complex chemistry, nanoscience the determination of electronic and transport properties Life Science system biology, chromatin dynamics, large scale protein dynamics, protein association and aggregation, supramolecular systems, medicine Engineering complex helicopter simulation, biomedical flows, gas turbines and internal combustion engines, forest fires, green aircraft, virtual power plant HET

42 German Scientific Case Status and Requirements Scientific Field (numbers in TeraFlop/s) Climate and Earth System Research >500 Geophysics >1000 Nanostructure Physics >200 Solid-State Physics >1000 Computational Fluid Dynamics >1000 Astrophysics >500 Elementary Particle Physics and Physics of Hadrons and Nuclei A. Bode, W. Hillebrandt, and Th. Lippert: German Scientific Case for the BMBF, 8/ >1000 Materials Science >500 Theoretical Chemistry >300 Soft Matter 3 30 >200 Biophysics and Bioinformatics >1000 Plasma Physics >500

43 ECMWF: European Centre for medium-range weather forecasts Members: Member of the Helmholtz Association

44 The High Performance Computing impact: for the weather forecast of tomorrow 6 millions data (out of 160 millions screened) used today = 4% 16 millions data used tommorrow

45 Simulation and Aerospace Member of the Helmholtz Association

46 The virtual airplane Member of the Helmholtz Association

47 Crashworthiness Development of a FKV-Crash box simulation of the front crash box validation of the front crash box v 0 =13 m/ s, m=1200 kg

48 Tornados and Hurricanes Simulation of hurricane Katrina Simulation of a tornado

49 Simulation of gravity waves fusion of two black holes

50 Air pollution: the chemical weather forecast Global Simulation of atmospheric carbon monoxide with a model resolution of 100x100 km 2, Model MOZECH

51 The virtual world

52 Albert Einstein Computers are incredibly fast, accurate, and stupid humans are incredibly slow, inaccurate and brilliant together they are powerful beyond imagination. d

53 Finding tomorrow today

54

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